The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in many industries has generated significant research interest regarding their impact on the environment and human health. The major routes of ENPs to enter the human body are inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. Following ingestion, ENPs have a long contact time in the human stomach. Hence, it is essential to know the fate of the ENPs under gastric conditions. This study aims to investigate the fate of the widely used nanoparticles Ag-NP, Au-NP, CeO2-NP, and ZnO-NP in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) under different conditions through the application of single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS). The resulting analytical methods have size detection limits for Ag-NP, Au-NP, ZnO-NP, and CeO2-NP from 15 to 35 nm, and the particle concentration detection limit is 135 particles/mL. Metal ions corresponding to the ENPs of interest were detected simultaneously with detection limits from 0.02 to 0.1 μg/L. The results showed that ZnO-NPs dissolved completely and rapidly in SGF, whereas Au-NPs and CeO2-NPs showed apparent aggregation and did not dissolve significantly. Both aggregation and dissolution were observed in Ag-NP samples following exposure to SGF. The size distributions and concentrations of ENPs were affected by the original ENP concentration, ENP size, the contact time in SGF, and temperature. This work represents a significant advancement in the understanding of ENP characteristics under gastric conditions.

中文翻译：

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使用单粒子电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究模拟胃液中金、银、氧化锌和氧化铈纳米粒子的命运。


工程纳米粒子 (ENP) 在许多行业中的使用越来越多，引起了人们对其对环境和人类健康影响的巨大研究兴趣。 ENPs进入人体的主要途径是吸入、皮肤接触和摄入。摄入后，ENP 在人体胃中的接触时间较长。因此，了解 ENP 在胃条件下的命运至关重要。本研究旨在通过应用单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质量，研究不同条件下广泛使用的纳米颗粒 Ag-NP、Au-NP、CeO2-NP 和 ZnO-NP 在模拟胃液 (SGF) 中的命运光谱测定（SP-ICP-MS）。由此产生的分析方法对 Ag-NP、Au-NP、ZnO-NP 和 CeO2-NP 的尺寸检测限为 15 至 35 nm，颗粒浓度检测限为 135 个颗粒/mL。同时检测到与感兴趣的 ENP 相对应的金属离子，检测限为 0.02 至 0.1 μg/L。结果表明，ZnO-NPs在SGF中完全、快速溶解，而Au-NPs和CeO2-NPs则表现出明显的聚集现象，溶解不明显。暴露于 SGF 后，Ag-NP 样品中观察到聚集和溶解。 ENP 的尺寸分布和浓度受到原始 ENP 浓度、ENP 尺寸、SGF 中的接触时间和温度的影响。这项工作代表了对胃条件下 ENP 特征的理解的重大进步。