AIM To investigate the anti-biofilm efficacy of irrigation using a simulated root canal model, the chemical effect of irrigants against biofilms grown on dentine discs and their impact on biofilm viscoelasticity, the efficacy of the irrigants in decontaminating infected dentinal tubules and the capacity of bacteria to re-grow. METHODOLOGY Biofilm removal, viscoelastic analysis of remaining biofilms and bacterial viability were evaluated using a simulated root canal model with lateral morphological features, dentine discs and a dentinal tubule model, respectively. Experiments were conducted using a two-phase irrigation protocol. Phase 1: a modified salt solution (RISA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used at a low flow rate to evaluate the chemical action of the irrigants. Ultrasonic activation (US) of a chemically inert solution (buffer) was used to evaluate the mechanical efficacy of irrigation. Phase 2: a final irrigation with buffer at a high flow rate was performed for all groups. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), low load compression testing (LLCT) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) analysis were used in the different models. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for the OCT and LLCT analysis, while Kruskal-Wallisand Wilcoxon ranked tests for the dentinal tubule model. RESULTS US and high flow rate removed significantly more biofilm from the artificial lateral canal. For biofilm removal from the artificial isthmus, no significant differences were found between the groups. Within-group analysis revealed significant differences between the steps of the experiment, with the exception of NaOCl. For the dentine discs, no significant differences regarding biofilm removal and viscoelasticity were detected. In the dentinal tubule model, NaOCl exhibited the greatest anti-biofilm efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical effect of irrigation is important for biofilm removal. An extra high flow irrigation rate resulted in greater biofilm removal than US in the artificial isthmus. The mechanical effect of US seemed to be more effective when the surface contact biofilm-irrigant was small. After the irrigation procedures, the remaining biofilm could survive after a 5-days period. RISA and NaOCl seemed to alter post-treatment remaining biofilms.

中文翻译：

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根管冲洗的化学和机械影响对从模拟根管，牙本质盘和牙本质小管的侧面形态特征去除生物膜的影响。

目的使用模拟的根管模型研究冲洗液的抗生物膜功效，冲洗液对牙本质盘上生长的生物膜的化学作用及其对生物膜粘弹性的影响，冲洗液对污染的牙本质小管的净化作用和细菌的能力重新成长。方法学分别使用具有侧向形态特征的模拟根管模型，牙本质盘和牙本质小管模型评估生物膜去除，剩余生物膜的粘弹性分析和细菌生存力。实验采用两阶段灌溉方案进行。阶段1：以低流速使用改良的盐溶液（RISA）和次氯酸钠（NaOCl）来评估冲洗液的化学作用。化学惰性溶液（缓冲液）的超声活化（US）用于评估灌溉的机械效力。阶段2：所有组均以高流速用缓冲液进行最终灌溉。在不同的模型中使用了光学相干断层扫描（OCT），低负荷压缩测试（LLCT）和共聚焦扫描激光显微镜（CSLM）分析。对OCT和LLCT分析进行单向方差分析（ANOVA），而Kruskal-Wallisand Wilcoxon对牙本质小管模型进行测试排名。结果美国和高流速显着从人工外侧管中去除了更多的生物膜。对于从人工峡部去除生物膜，两组之间没有发现显着差异。组内分析显示实验步骤之间存在显着差异，除了NaOCl。对于牙本质盘，未发现有关生物膜去除和粘弹性的显着差异。在牙本质小管模型中，NaOCl表现出最大的抗生物膜功效。结论灌溉的机械作用对于去除生物膜很重要。在人工峡部中，超高流量灌溉速率导致的生物膜去除率高于US。当表面接触生物膜冲洗剂较小时，US的机械作用似乎更有效。灌溉程序完成后，剩余的生物膜可在5天后存活。RISA和NaOCl似乎改变了治疗后剩余的生物膜。NaOCl表现出最大的抗生物膜功效。结论灌溉的机械作用对于去除生物膜很重要。在人工峡部中，超高流量灌溉速率导致的生物膜去除率高于US。当表面接触生物膜冲洗剂较小时，US的机械作用似乎更有效。灌溉程序完成后，剩余的生物膜可在5天后存活。RISA和NaOCl似乎改变了治疗后剩余的生物膜。NaOCl表现出最大的抗生物膜功效。结论灌溉的机械作用对于去除生物膜很重要。在人工峡部中，超高流量灌溉速率导致的生物膜去除率高于US。当表面接触生物膜冲洗剂较小时，US的机械作用似乎更有效。灌溉程序完成后，剩余的生物膜可在5天后存活。RISA和NaOCl似乎改变了治疗后剩余的生物膜。剩余的生物膜可以在5天后存活。RISA和NaOCl似乎改变了治疗后剩余的生物膜。剩余的生物膜可以在5天后存活。RISA和NaOCl似乎改变了治疗后剩余的生物膜。