The present study describes the water quality scenario of some freshwater springs of South Kashmir during the two-year period (2013-2015) because of rising pollution risks endangering water resources globally. The accessibility to quality drinking water has become a challenge and is receiving renewed attention. A total of 96 samples from twelve springs were collected and analyzed for major drinking water quality parameters. Piper trilinear and Durov diagram depicted dominance of Ca-Mg-HCO3 hydrochemical facies and simple dissolution and mixing process. Water quality was falling in very good to excellent class and well within the desirable limits of WHO thereby indicating huge potential for meeting rising drinking water demand. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the generation of three components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) with higher eigenvalues of 3 or more (3-6) explaining 40, 21, and 17% of the overall variance in water quality data sets, respectively. The components obtained from PCA indicate that the parameters responsible for variations are mainly related to discharge, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (natural), nutrients (agriculture), and cation and anions (lithology). The results suggest that the hydrochemistry of springs is jointly controlled by lithology and anthropogenic inputs.

中文翻译：

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印度南克什米尔喜马拉雅山饮用水泉水的质量评估。

本研究描述了两年期间（2013年至2015年）南克什米尔南部一些淡水泉水的水质情景，这是由于污染风险上升威胁全球水资源。优质饮用水的可及性已经成为一个挑战，并且受到了越来越多的关注。总共收集了来自十二个泉水的96个样品，并分析了主要饮用水水质参数。Piper三线性和Durov图描绘了Ca-Mg-HCO3水化学相的优势以及简单的溶解和混合过程。水质非常好，达到了一流水平，并且在世卫组织的期望范围之内，从而表明了满足不断增长的饮用水需求的巨大潜力。主成分分析（PCA）显示了三个成分（PC1，PC2，和PC3）的特征值较高的3或更多（3-6）分别解释了水质数据集中总方差的40％，21％和17％。从PCA获得的组件表明，引起变化的参数主要与放电，温度和溶解氧（天然），养分（农业）以及阳离子和阴离子（岩性）有关。结果表明，泉水化学受岩性和人为因素共同控制。