Parasites of Leishmania genus have developed various strategies to overcome host immune response favoring its infection and development toward leishmaniasis. With an array of virulence factors, those parasites modify host macrophage signaling and functions. Depending of the species involved, visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis will develop. Several years ago, Leishmania Viannia guyanensis that is naturally infected with the endosymbiotic virus Leishmania RNA Virus 1 was found to cause a particularly aggressive form of South-American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. This virus, when co-transmitted with the parasite was shown to strongly modulate RNA sensors and NLRP3 inflammasome network that could explain in part the exacerbated skin pathology caused by this particular parasite. In this review, we will be discussing how this endosymbiotic virus-infected Leishmania in conjunction with Leishmania exosomes partner together to manipulate host immune response in their favor.

中文翻译：

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Leishmania Viannia Guyanensis、LRV1 病毒和细胞外囊泡：影响粘膜皮肤利什曼病期间免疫反应信念的危险三重奏。

利什曼原虫属寄生虫已开发出各种策略来克服宿主免疫反应，有利于其感染和向利什曼病发展。这些寄生虫通过一系列毒力因子改变宿主巨噬细胞信号传导和功能。根据所涉及的物种，会发生内脏或皮肤利什曼病。几年前，人们发现自然感染内共生病毒利什曼原虫 RNA 病毒 1 的圭亚那利什曼原虫会引起一种特别具有攻击性的南美粘膜皮肤利什曼病。这种病毒与寄生虫共同传播时显示出强烈调节 RNA 传感器和 NLRP3 炎性体网络，这可以部分解释由这种特殊寄生虫引起的皮肤病理恶化。在这次审查中，