Recent advances in genomics have uncovered the tremendous diversity and richness of microbial ecosystems. New functional genomics methods are now needed to probe gene function in high-throughput and provide mechanistic insights. Here, we review how the CRISPR toolbox can be used to inactivate, repress or overexpress genes in a sequence-specific manner and how this offers diverse attractive solutions to identify gene function in high-throughput. Developed both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, CRISPR screening technologies have already provided meaningful insights in microbiology and host-pathogen interactions. In the era of microbiomes, the versatility and the functional diversity of CRISPR-derived tools has the potential to significantly improve our understanding of microbial communities and their interaction with the host.

中文翻译：

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微生物时代的CRISPR筛选。

基因组学的最新进展揭示了微生物生态系统的巨大多样性和丰富性。现在需要新的功能基因组学方法来探测高通量的基因功能并提供机制的见解。在这里，我们回顾了如何使用CRISPR工具箱以特定于序列的方式灭活，抑制或过表达基因，以及这如何提供多种有吸引力的解决方案来鉴定高通量的基因功能。CRISPR筛选技术已经在真核生物和原核生物中开发，已经在微生物学和宿主-病原体相互作用方面提供了有意义的见解。在微生物群落时代，CRISPR衍生工具的多功能性和功能多样性有可能显着提高我们对微生物群落及其与宿主相互作用的了解。