Petroleum-industry wastewater (PI-WW) is a potential source of water that can be reused in areas suffering from water stress. This water contains various fractions that need to be removed before reuse, such as light hydrocarbons, heavy metals and conditioning chemicals. Constructed wetlands (CWs) can remove these fractions, but the range of PI-WW salinities that can be treated in CWs and the influence of an increasing salinity on the CW removal efficiency for abovementioned fractions is unknown. Therefore, the impact of an increasing salinity on the removal of conditioning chemicals benzotriazole, aromatic hydrocarbon benzoic acid, and heavy metal zinc in lab-scale unplanted and Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia planted vertical-flow CWs was tested in the present study. P. australis was less sensitive than T. latifolia to increasing salinities and survived with a NaCl concentration of 12 g/L. The decay of T. latifolia was accompanied by a decrease in the removal efficiency for benzotriazole and benzoic acid, indicating that living vegetation enhanced the removal of these chemicals. Increased salinities resulted in the leaching of zinc from the planted CWs, probably as a result of active plant defence mechanisms against salt shocks that solubilized zinc. Plant growth also resulted in substantial evapotranspiration, leading to an increased salinity of the CW treated effluent. A too high salinity limits the reuse of the CW treated water. Therefore, CW treatment should be followed by desalination technologies to obtain salinities suitable for reuse. In this technology train, CWs enhance the efficiency of physicochemical desalination technologies by removing organics that induce membrane fouling. Hence, P. australis planted CWs are a suitable option for the treatment of water with a salinity below 12 g/L before further treatment or direct reuse in water scarce areas worldwide, where CWs may also boost the local biodiversity. Graphical abstract.

中文翻译：

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模拟高温干旱气候条件下盐度对中试垂直流人工湿地处理合成石油工业废水的影响。

石油工业废水 (PI-WW) 是一种潜在的水源，可以在缺水地区重复使用。这种水含有各种需要在重新使用前去除的馏分，例如轻质碳氢化合物、重金属和调节化学品。人工湿地 (CWs) 可以去除这些部分，但可以在 CW 中处理的 PI-WW 盐度范围以及盐度增加对上述部分 CW 去除效率的影响尚不清楚。因此，在本研究中测试了盐度增加对去除实验室规模未种植和芦苇和宽叶香蒲垂直流 CWs 中调节化学品苯并三唑、芳烃苯甲酸和重金属锌的影响。P. australis 不如 T. 敏感。latifolia 随着盐度的增加而存活下来，NaCl 浓度为 12 g/L。T. latifolia 的腐烂伴随着苯并三唑和苯甲酸去除效率的降低，表明活植被增强了这些化学物质的去除。盐度增加导致锌从种植的 CW 中浸出，这可能是由于植物防御机制对溶解锌的盐冲击具有积极作用。植物生长也导致了大量的蒸发蒸腾，导致 CW 处理过的废水的盐度增加。过高的盐度会限制 CW 处理水的再利用。因此，CW 处理后应采用海水淡化技术，以获得适合再利用的盐度。在这趟科技列车中，CW 通过去除导致膜污染的有机物来提高物理化学脱盐技术的效率。因此，P. australis 种植的 CW 是处理盐度低于 12 g/L 的水的合适选择，然后再进一步处理或在全球缺水地区直接再利用，CW 也可以促进当地的生物多样性。图形概要。