Purpose The framing effect refers to a phenomenon wherein, when the same problem is presented using different representations of information, people make significant changes in their decisions. This study aimed to explore whether the framing effect could be reduced in medical students and residents by teaching them the statistical concepts of effect size, probability, and sampling for use in the medical decision-making process. Methods Ninety-five second-year medical students and 100 second-year medical residents of Austral University and Buenos Aires University, Argentina were invited to participate in the study between March and June 2017. A questionnaire was developed to assess the different types of framing effects in medical situations. After an initial administration of the survey, students and residents were taught statistical concepts including effect size, probability, and sampling during 2 individual independent official biostatistics courses. After these interventions, the same questionnaire was randomly administered again, and pre- and post-intervention outcomes were compared among students and residents. Results Almost every type of framing effect was reproduced either in the students or in the residents. After teaching medical students and residents the analytical process behind statistical concepts, a significant reduction in sample-size, risky-choice, pseudo-certainty, number-size, attribute, goal, and probabilistic formulation framing effects was observed. Conclusion The decision-making of medical students and residents in simulated medical situations may be affected by different frame descriptions, and these framing effects can be partially reduced by training individuals in probability analysis and statistical sampling methods.

中文翻译：

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统计分析培训减少了对阿根廷医学生和居民的框架效应

目的 框架效应是指一种现象，当同一问题使用不同的信息表示形式呈现时，人们的决策会发生重大变化。本研究旨在通过教授医学生和住院医师在医学决策过程中使用的效应大小、概率和抽样等统计概念，探讨是否可以减少框架效应。方法 2017 年 3 月至 6 月，邀请 95 名澳大利亚大学和阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯大学的医学二年级学生和 100 名二年级住院医师参与研究。调查问卷以评估不同类型的框架效应在医疗情况下。在初步管理调查后，在 2 门独立的官方生物统计学课程中，学生和居民学习了统计概念，包括效应大小、概率和抽样。在这些干预之后，再次随机发放相同的问卷，并在学生和居民之间比较干预前和干预后的结果。结果几乎所有类型的框架效应都在学生或居民中重现。在教授医学生和住院医师统计概念背后的分析过程后，观察到样本量、风险选择、伪确定性、数字量、属性、目标和概率公式框架效应显着减少。结论 医学生和住院医师在模拟医疗情境下的决策可能会受到不同框架描述的影响，