Although research on pricing and lot-sizing decisions concerning payment types has been extensive, almost all of it has been done from the buyer’s perspective. In this study, we incorporate the following relevant and essential facts. If a seller allows a buyer to pay on credit, it increases sales volume. But if a seller asks a buyer for an advance payment, it decreases sales volume. Sometimes, a seller offers a buyer a price discount for an advance payment to increase sales and profitability. Asking a buyer for an advance payment bears interest earned and has no default risk. If a seller offers a buyer the opportunity to pay on credit, then a longer credit period may mean a higher the sales volume, but the default risk is higher, too. The seller wants to set an optimal selling price, replenishment time, and payment method simultaneously so that the profit per unit time is maximized. To achieve this, we develop and compare the seller’s profit per unit time under each of three payment methods—advance, cash and credit. Through numerical analyses, the following managerial insights are highlighted: (1) Under certain conditions, a specific payment type obtains the seller’s highest profit among all three payment types. (2) If advance payment is required, then it is critically important for a seller to offer a price discount. (3) An advance payment generates more profit than a credit payment provided that sales volume from a credit payment to an advance payment declines insignificantly and vice versa.

中文翻译：

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从卖方的角度来看，预付款、现金付款和赊购付款之间的最优售价、补货周期和付款时间

尽管关于支付类型的定价和批量决策的研究已经很广泛，但几乎所有研究都是从买方的角度进行的。在这项研究中，我们纳入了以下相关和基本事实。如果卖方允许买方赊购，它会增加销售量。但是，如果卖方要求买方预付款，则会减少销量。有时，卖方会为买方提供预付款的价格折扣，以增加销售额和盈利能力。要求买方预付款承担所赚取的利息，并且没有违约风险。如果卖方为买方提供赊销的机会，那么较长的信用期可能意味着较高的销量，但违约风险也较高。卖家想设定一个最优的销售价格，补货时间，与支付方式同时进行，使单位时间的利润最大化。为实现这一目标，我们开发并比较了卖方在三种付款方式（预付款、现金和信用）下每单位时间的利润。通过数值分析，突出了以下管理见解：（1）在特定条件下，特定支付类型在所有三种支付类型中获得卖方的最高利润。(2) 如果需要预付款，那么卖家提供价格折扣至关重要。(3) 预付款比赊销产生更多的利润，前提是从赊销到预付款的销售额下降不显着，反之亦然。现金和信用。通过数值分析，突出了以下管理见解：（1）在特定条件下，特定支付类型在所有三种支付类型中获得卖方的最高利润。(2) 如果需要预付款，那么卖家提供价格折扣至关重要。(3) 预付款比赊销产生更多的利润，前提是从赊销到预付款的销售额下降不显着，反之亦然。现金和信用。通过数值分析，突出了以下管理见解：（1）在特定条件下，特定支付类型在所有三种支付类型中获得卖方的最高利润。(2) 如果需要预付款，那么卖家提供价格折扣至关重要。(3) 预付款比赊销产生更多的利润，前提是从赊销到预付款的销售额下降不显着，反之亦然。