Many cases of human exposures to high-dose radiation have been documented, including individuals exposed during the detonation of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, nuclear power plant disasters (e.g., Chernobyl), as well as industrial and medical accidents. For many of these exposures, injuries to the skin have been present and have played a significant role in the progression of the injuries and survivability from the radiation exposure. There are also instances of radiation-induced skin complications in routine clinical radiotherapy and radiation diagnostic imaging procedures. In response to the threat of a radiological or nuclear mass casualty incident, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services tasked the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) with identifying and funding early- to mid-stage medical countermeasure (MCM) development to treat radiation-induced injuries, including those to the skin. To appropriately assess the severity of radiation-induced skin injuries and determine efficacy of different approaches to mitigate/treat them, it is necessary to develop animal models that appropriately simulate what is seen in humans who have been exposed. In addition, it is important to understand the techniques that are used in other clinical indications (e.g., thermal burns, diabetic ulcers, etc.) to accurately assess the extent of skin injury and progression of healing. For these reasons, the NIAID partnered with two other U.S. Government funding and regulatory agencies, the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to identify state-of-the-art methods in assessment of skin injuries, explore animal models to better understand radiation-induced cutaneous damage and investigate treatment approaches. A two-day workshop was convened in May 2019 highlighting talks from 28 subject matter experts across five scientific sessions. This report provides an overview of information that was presented and the subsequent guided discussions.

许多人类暴露于高剂量辐射的案例已被记录，包括广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸、核电站灾难（例如切尔诺贝利）以及工业和医疗事故期间暴露的个人。对于许多这些暴露，皮肤损伤已经存在，并且在辐射暴露造成的损伤和生存能力方面发挥了重要作用。在常规临床放射治疗和放射诊断成像程序中也存在放射引起的皮肤并发症的情况。为了应对放射性或核大规模伤亡事件的威胁，美国卫生与公众服务部责成国家过敏和传染病研究所 (NIAID) 确定并资助早期到中期的医疗对策 (MCM) 开发治疗辐射引起的损伤，包括皮肤损伤。为了正确评估辐射引起的皮肤损伤的严重程度并确定减轻/治疗辐射的不同方法的功效，有必要开发能够适当模拟暴露于辐射的人类所见情况的动物模型。此外，了解用于其他临床适应症（例如热烧伤、糖尿病溃疡等）的技术以准确评估皮肤损伤的程度和愈合进展也很重要。出于这些原因，NIAID 与另外两家美国公司合作 政府资助和监管机构、生物医学高级研究与开发局 (BARDA) 和食品和药物管理局 (FDA)，以确定评估皮肤损伤的最先进方法，探索动物模型以更好地了解辐射-引起的皮肤损伤并研究治疗方法。 2019 年 5 月召开了为期两天的研讨会，重点介绍了 28 名主题专家在五场科学会议上的演讲。本报告概述了所提供的信息以及随后的指导性讨论。