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Molecular Mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas Immunity in Bacteria.
Annual Review of Genetics ( IF 8.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022120-112523
Philip M Nussenzweig 1, 2 , Luciano A Marraffini 1, 3
Affiliation  

Prokaryotes have developed numerous defense strategies to combat the constant threat posed by the diverse genetic parasites that endanger them. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas loci guard their hosts with an adaptive immune system against foreign nucleic acids. Protection starts with an immunization phase, in which short pieces of the invader's genome, known as spacers, are captured and integrated into the CRISPR locus after infection. Next, during the targeting phase, spacers are transcribed into CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that guide CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases to destroy the invader's DNA or RNA. Here we describe the many different molecular mechanisms of CRISPR targeting and how they are interconnected with the immunization phase through a third phase of the CRISPR-Cas immune response: primed spacer acquisition. In this phase, Cas proteins direct the crRNA-guided acquisition of additional spacers to achieve a more rapid and robust immunization of the population.

中文翻译:


细菌中CRISPR-Cas免疫的分子机制。

原核生物已经开发了许多防御策略,以应对威胁它们的各种遗传寄生虫不断产生的威胁。簇状规则间隔的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)-Cas基因座可通过适应性免疫系统防御外来核酸,保护宿主。保护从免疫阶段开始,在该阶段中,感染者的基因组的短片段(称为间隔子)被捕获,并在感染后整合到CRISPR基因座中。接下来,在靶向阶段,将间隔子转录成CRISPR RNA(crRNA),以引导CRISPR相关(Cas)核酸酶破坏入侵者的DNA或RNA。在这里,我们描述了CRISPR靶向的许多不同分子机制,以及它们如何通过CRISPR-Cas免疫反应的第三阶段与免疫阶段相互联系:准备好的间隔物采集。在此阶段,Cas蛋白指导crRNA引导的其他间隔区的获取,以实现对种群的更快速和更强的免疫。

更新日期:2020-11-25
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