We explore the idea that judgment by representativeness reflects the workings of memory. In our model, the probability of a hypothesis conditional on data increases in the ease with which instances of that hypothesis are retrieved when cued with the data. Retrieval is driven by a measure of similarity which exhibits contextual interference: a data/cue is less likely to retrieve instances of a hypothesis that occurs frequently in other data. As a result, probability assessments are context dependent. In a new laboratory experiment, participants are shown two groups of images with different distributions of colors and other features. In line with the model's predictions, we find that (a) decreasing the frequency of a given color in one group significantly increases the recalled frequency of that color in the other group; and (b) cueing different features for the same set of images entails different probabilistic assessments, even if the features are normatively irrelevant. A calibration of the model yields a good quantitative fit with the data, highlighting the central role of contextual interference. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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记忆力和代表性。

我们探讨了代表性判断反映了记忆工作的想法。在我们的模型中，以数据为条件的假设的概率随着数据提示检索该假设实例的容易程度而增加。检索由表现出上下文干扰的相似性度量驱动：数据/提示不太可能检索在其他数据中频繁出现的假设实例。因此，概率评估取决于上下文。在一项新的实验室实验中，向参与者展示了两组具有不同颜色和其他特征分布的图像。与模型的预测一致，我们发现（a）降低一组中给定颜色的频率会显着增加另一组中该颜色的召回频率；(b) 为同一组图像提示不同的特征需要不同的概率评估，即使这些特征在规范上是不相关的。模型的校准产生了与数据良好的定量拟合，突出了上下文干扰的核心作用。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。