Background: Decreased brainstem raphe (BR) echogenicity detected by transcranial parenchymal sonography (TCS) is associated with depression in psychiatric and neurologic diseases. However, previous studies focusing on the relationship between motor and non-motor symptoms and echogenicity changes in BR in patients with PD yielded controversial results. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between echogenicity changes in BR detected by TCS and motor and a series of non-motor symptoms in patients with PD. Methods: Consecutive PD patients were recruited from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Demographic information and Motor and non-motor symptoms for all subjects were collected. TCS was used to detect the echogenicity changes in BR in PD patients. Results: One hundred and thirty-five consecutive patients with PD were enrolled in the study. The BR abnormal rate was significantly higher in PD patients with anxiety (p = 0.003) or depression (p = 0.022) than patients without. Spearman correlation analyses showed that Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD) (r = 0.274, p = 0.002) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39-item(PDQ-39) (r = 0.208, p = 0.034) scores were positively correlated with abnormal BR echogenicity. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that HRSD and HAMA scores were associated with BR hypoechogenicity, the corresponding odds ratios (confidence intervals) were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.13) and 1.10(1.01-1.18), respectively. However, the PDQ-39 score was not associated with BR hypoechogenicity. Conclusion: The abnormal reduction in BR echogenicity detected by TCS is associated with depression and anxiety, but not motor symptoms in PD patients.

中文翻译：

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经颅实质超声检查发现脑干缝线的致电子性变化及帕金森氏病的临床特征。

背景：经颅实质超声检查（TCS）检测到的脑干缝隙（BR）回声降低与精神病和神经病的抑郁症有关。然而，先前针对运动和非运动症状与PD患者BR的回声改变之间关系的研究产生了争议性结果。目的：探讨TCS检测到的BR的回声原性变化与运动以及PD患者一系列非运动症状之间的关系。方法：连续性PD患者是从苏州大学第二附属医院招募的。收集所有受试者的人口统计学信息以及运动和非运动症状。TCS用于检测PD患者BR的回声改变。结果：135名连续的PD患者被纳入研究。患有焦虑症（p = 0.003）或抑郁症（p = 0.022）的PD患者的BR异常率显着高于未患此病的患者。Spearman相关分析显示汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HRSD）（r = 0.274，p = 0.002）和帕金森氏病问卷（PDQ-39）（r = 0.208，p = 0.034）得分与BR异常呈正相关回声性。多元logistic回归分析显示，HRSD和HAMA评分与BR低回声性相关，相应的优势比（置信区间）分别为1.07（95％CI，1.01-1.13）和1.10（1.01-1.18）。但是，PDQ-39评分与BR低回声性无关。结论：