Objective: Symptomatic in-stent restenosis (sISR) is the major cause of medium- or long-term cerebral infarctions in patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty for the treatment of intracranial sISR. Methods: We report 11 cases of PCB angioplasty for intracranial sISR. Lesion locations and number were as follows: intracranial internal carotid artery (n = 4), M1 segment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) (n = 1), V4 segment of vertebral artery (n = 6). The technical success rate, periprocedural complications, and short-term outcome were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All procedures were successfully performed without periprocedural complication. Asymptomatic vessel dissection after PCB inflation occurred in one case. Postprocedural diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) showed new asymptomatic ipsilateral infarction in one case. All 11 cases did not experience ipsilateral stroke or death within 30 days or ischemic stroke in the territory of the target artery between 31 and 90 days after procedure. Conclusion: This preliminary study indicates that PCB angioplasty is feasible and safe for the treatment of intracranial sISR. Further studies are needed to clarify its efficiency and long-term outcome.

中文翻译：

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紫杉醇涂层球囊血管成形术治疗颅内症状性支架内再狭窄的可行性和安全性。

目的：有症状的支架内再狭窄（sISR）是经皮腔内血管成形术和支架置入严重颅内动脉粥样硬化狭窄的患者中长期脑梗死的主要原因。这项研究旨在评估紫杉醇涂层球囊（PCB）血管成形术治疗颅内sISR的可行性和安全性。方法：我们报告11例颅内sISR的PCB血管成形术患者。病变部位和数目如下：颅内颈内动脉（n = 4），大脑中动脉的M1段（MCA）（n = 1），椎动脉的V4段（n = 6）。回顾性分析技术成功率，围手术期并发症和短期结果。结果：所有手术均成功完成，无围手术期并发症。一例发生PCB充气后无症状血管解剖。术后扩散加权成像（DWI）显示1例出现新的无症状同侧梗塞。在手术后31至90天之内，所有11例患者在30天内均未发生同侧中风或死亡，也未在目标动脉区域发生缺血性中风。结论：这项初步研究表明，PCB血管成形术治疗颅内sISR是可行和安全的。需要进一步研究以阐明其效率和长期结果。在手术后31至90天之内，所有11例患者在30天内均未发生同侧中风或死亡，也未在目标动脉区域发生缺血性中风。结论：这项初步研究表明，PCB血管成形术治疗颅内sISR是可行和安全的。需要进一步研究以阐明其效率和长期结果。在手术后31至90天之内，所有11例患者在30天内均未发生同侧中风或死亡，也未在目标动脉区域发生缺血性中风。结论：这项初步研究表明，PCB血管成形术治疗颅内sISR是可行和安全的。需要进一步研究以阐明其效率和长期结果。