As one of the most common sleep-related respiratory disorders, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by excessive snoring, repetitive apnea, arousal, sleep fragmentation, and intermittent nocturnal hypoxemia. Focused on the resting-state brain imaging techniques, we reviewed the OSA-related resting-state electroencephalogram and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies. Compared with the healthy control group, patients with OSA presented increased frontal and central δ/θ powers during resting-state wakefulness, and their slow-wave activity showed a positive correlation with apnea-hypopnea index. For rsfMRI, the prefrontal cortex and insula may be the vital regions for OSA and are strongly related to the severity of the disease. Meanwhile, some large-scale brain networks, such as the default-mode network, salience network, and central executive network, play pivotal roles in the pathology of OSA. We then discussed the contribution of resting-state brain imaging as an evaluation approach for disease interventions. Finally, we briefly introduced the effects of OSA-related physiological and mental diseases and discussed some future research directions from the perspective of resting-state brain imaging.

中文翻译：

---

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停异常清醒的自发性大脑活动：侧重于静息状态脑电图和静息状态fMRI的审查。

作为最常见的与睡眠有关的呼吸系统疾病之一，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的特征是过度打s，重复性呼吸暂停，唤醒，睡眠破碎和间歇性夜间低氧血症。着重于静止状态脑成像技术，我们回顾了OSA相关的静止状态脑电图和静止状态功能磁共振成像（rsfMRI）研究。与健康对照组相比，OSA患者在静息状态下清醒时其额叶和中央δ/θ功率增加，其慢波活动与呼吸暂停低通气指数呈正相关。对于rsfMRI，前额叶皮层和岛突可能是OSA的重要区域，并且与疾病的严重程度密切相关。同时，一些大规模的大脑网络（例如默认模式网络）显着网络和中央执行网络在OSA的病理中起着关键作用。然后，我们讨论了静息状态脑成像作为疾病干预评估方法的贡献。最后，我们简要介绍了OSA相关的生理和精神疾病的影响，并从静止状态脑成像的角度讨论了一些未来的研究方向。