ABSTRACT One of the most influential imagined histories of science of the nineteenth century was John Tyndall's Belfast Address of 1874. In that address, Tyndall presented a sweeping history of science that focused on the attempt to understand the material nature of life. While the address has garnered attention for its discussion of the conflict at the centre of this history, namely between science and theology, less has been said about how Tyndall's history culminated with a discussion of the evolutionary researches of Charles Darwin. Tyndall presented Darwin as a revolutionary scientific practitioner, whose virtues of patience, self-denial, and observation led him to his epochal theory of evolution and thus justified the extension of science into realms previously under the purview of theology. Tyndall was criticized at the time for his ‘vulgar admiration’ of a man of science who was still very much alive, and who could not possibly live up to such ‘fulsome adulation’. What such critics failed to realize, however, is that Tyndall had historicized the living Darwin within the context of his own philosophy of history that he cultivated years before, a philosophy that integrated the moral lives of heroic individuals within a progressive history of science itself.

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约翰廷德尔达尔文革命的形成

摘要 1874 年约翰·廷德尔 (John Tyndall) 的贝尔法斯特演说是 19 世纪最具影响力的想象科学史之一。在该演说中，廷德尔展示了一部全面的科学史，其重点是试图了解生命的物质本质。虽然该演讲因其对这段历史中心冲突（即科学与神学之间的冲突）的讨论而引起关注，但关于廷德尔的历史如何以对查尔斯·达尔文的进化研究的讨论达到高潮的说法却鲜为人知。廷德尔将达尔文描述为一位革命性的科学实践者，他的耐心、自我否定和观察的美德使他形成了划时代的进化论，从而证明了将科学扩展到以前属于神学范围的领域是合理的。当时，廷德尔因对一位仍然健在的科学家的“粗俗钦佩”而受到批评，他不可能辜负如此“令人捧腹大笑”。然而，这些批评者没有意识到，廷德尔已经在他自己的历史哲学背景下将活着的达尔文历史化了，他自己的历史哲学是他多年前培养的，这种哲学将英雄个人的道德生活融入了科学进步的历史本身。