In this study, char was prepared from the Şırnak coal derivative as a new adsorbent by the pyrolysis process and successfully applied for Pb (II) removal. Prepared char adsorbent was characterized by analysis techniques such as thermogravimetric (TG)/differential thermogravimetric (DTG), iodine number, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. In the experimental design of the Pb (II) removal process, the relationship between operating factors (contact time, initial Pb (II) concentration and temperature) and process responses (adsorption capacity and removal efficiency) was modeled by applying response surface methodology (RSM). After that, the operating factors for the maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of Pb (II) by char were optimized. In the removal of Pb (II), pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to determine the process mechanism. In addition, adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich were applied to the equilibrium data to explain the adsorption mechanism between the adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. According to the results obtained, it was determined that kinetic and equilibrium isotherm data were better defined with pseudo-second order kinetic and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models, respectively. The optimum values of the contact time, initial Pb (II) concentration, and temperature for maximum adsorption capacity (124.64 mg/g) and removal efficiency (92.35%) of Pb (II) were found as 150.00 min, 144.81 ppm, and 35.06°C, respectively. This study indicated the application potential of Şırnak coal-derived char as a promising cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals. Highlights Şırnak coal-derived char was successfully prepared, characterized, and applied for the removal of Pb (II) for the first time. The operating factors for the maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of Pb (II) were optimized by applying RSM. Kinetics and isothermal studies were performed for the removal of Pb (II) by char. The maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of char towards Pb (II) were found as 124.64 mg/g and 92.35%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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Şırnak 煤衍生炭从水溶液中去除 Pb (II) 的综合新研究

在这项研究中，通过热解过程从 Şırnak 煤衍生物制备炭作为一种新的吸附剂，并成功地应用于 Pb (II) 去除。制备的炭吸附剂通过热重（TG）/差示热重（DTG）、碘值、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）等分析技术进行表征表面积。在 Pb (II) 去除工艺的实验设计中，操作因素（接触时间、初始 Pb (II) 浓度和温度）与工艺响应（吸附能力和去除效率）之间的关系通过应用响应面方法 (RSM) 建模）。之后，优化了炭对Pb（II）的最大吸附容量和去除效率的操作因素。在Pb(II)的去除过程中，使用伪一级和伪二级动力学模型来确定过程机制。此外，将 Langmuir、Freundlich 和 Dubinin-Radushkevich 等吸附等温线模型应用于平衡数据，以解释吸附剂和被吸附物分子之间的吸附机理。根据获得的结果，确定动力学和平衡等温线数据分别用伪二级动力学和 Dubinin-Radushkevich 等温线模型更好地定义。接触时间、初始 Pb (II) 浓度和温度的最佳吸附容量 (124.64 mg/g) 和 Pb (II) 去除效率 (92.35%) 的最佳值为 150.00 min、144.81 ppm 和 35.06 ℃，分别。这项研究表明 Şırnak 煤衍生的炭作为一种有前途的、具有成本效益的吸附剂去除重金属的应用潜力。亮点 Şırnak 煤衍生的炭被成功制备、表征并首次应用于去除 Pb (II)。通过应用 RSM 优化了 Pb (II) 的最大吸附容量和去除效率的操作因素。为通过炭去除 Pb (II) 进行了动力学和等温研究。炭对 Pb (II) 的最大吸附容量和去除效率分别为 124.64 mg/g 和 92.35%。通过应用 RSM 优化了 Pb (II) 的最大吸附容量和去除效率的操作因素。为通过炭去除 Pb (II) 进行了动力学和等温研究。炭对 Pb (II) 的最大吸附容量和去除效率分别为 124.64 mg/g 和 92.35%。通过应用 RSM 优化了 Pb (II) 的最大吸附容量和去除效率的操作因素。为通过炭去除 Pb (II) 进行了动力学和等温研究。炭对 Pb (II) 的最大吸附容量和去除效率分别为 124.64 mg/g 和 92.35%。