Background. The mismatch negativity (MMN) brainwave indexes novelty detection. MMN to infrequent pitch (pMMN) and duration (dMMN) deviants is reduced in long-term schizophrenia. Although not reduced at first psychosis, pMMN is inversely associated with left hemisphere Heschl’s gyrus (HG) gray matter volume within 1 year of first hospitalization for schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis, consistent with pathology of left primary auditory cortex early in disease course. We examined whether the relationship was present earlier, at first psychiatric contact for psychosis, and whether the same structural-functional association was apparent for dMMN. Method. Twenty-seven first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum (FESz) and 27 matched healthy comparison (HC) individuals were compared. EEG-derived pMMN and dMMN were measured by subtracting the standard tone waveform (80%) from the pitch- and duration-deviant waveforms (10% each). HG volumes were calculated from T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging using Freesurfer. Results. In FESz, pMMN amplitudes at Fz were inversely associated with left HG (but not right) gray matter volumes, and dMMN amplitudes were associated significantly with left HG volumes and at trend-level with right HG. There were no structural-functional associations in HC. Conclusions. pMMN and dMMN index gray matter reduction in left hemisphere auditory cortex early in psychosis, with dMMN also marginally indexing right HG volumes. This suggest conjoint functional and structural pathology that affects the automatic detection of novelty with varying degrees of penetrance prior to psychosis. These brainwaves are sensitive biomarkers of pathology early in the psychotic disease course, and may serve as biomarkers of disease progression and as therapeutic outcome measures.

中文翻译：

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首发精神分裂症谱系个体的音高和持续时间不匹配负性和 Heschl 回体积

背景。失配负性 (MMN) 脑电波索引新颖性检测。在长期精神分裂症中，MMN 到偶发音高 (pMMN) 和持续时间 (dMMN) 的偏差减少。虽然在首次精神病时没有减少，但 pMMN 与精神分裂症谱系精神病首次住院 1 年内左半球 Heschl 回 (HG) 灰质体积呈负相关，这与病程早期左初级听觉皮层的病理学一致。我们检查了这种关系是否更早出现，最初是精神病的精神科接触，以及 dMMN 是否存在相同的结构 - 功能关联。方法。比较了 27 名首发精神分裂症谱系 (FESz) 和 27 名匹配的健康对照 (HC) 个体。EEG 衍生的 pMMN 和 dMMN 是通过从音高和持续时间偏差波形（各 10%）中减去标准音调波形 (80%) 来测量的。使用 Freesurfer 从 T1 加权结构磁共振成像计算 HG 体积。结果。在 FESz 中，Fz 处的 pMMN 振幅与左侧 HG（但不是右侧）灰质体积呈负相关，dMMN 振幅与左侧 HG 体积显着相关，并且在趋势水平与右侧 HG 相关。HC 中没有结构-功能关联。结论。pMMN 和 dMMN 指示精神病早期左半球听觉皮层灰质减少，dMMN 也略微指示右侧 HG 体积。这表明联合的功能和结构病理学影响了在精神病之前具有不同程度外显率的新颖性的自动检测。