External organic or inorganic objects (foreign bodies) that are inadvertently or purposefully placed in the human or animal tissues can trigger local tissue responses that aim at the elimination and/or segregation of foreign bodies from the tissue. The foreign body response (FBR) may have major implications for neurodegeneration associated with the formation of aberrant protein-based aggregates or plaques. The distinct physical features of the plaques, including high rigidity and varying surface properties, may trigger microglial mechanosensing of the plaque as a foreign body. The microglial FBR may have a dual function by promoting and/or suppressing the plaque driven neurodegeneration. Microglial contact with the plaque may trigger inflammatory activation of microglia and support microglia-driven neuronal damage. Conversely, persistent microglial activation may trigger the formation of a microglia-supported cell barrier that segregates and compacts the plaques thus preventing further plaque-induced damage to healthy neurons.

中文翻译：

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小胶质细胞对脑组织机械特性的先天感知。

无意或有意放置在人体或动物组织中的外部有机或无机物体（异物）可触发局部组织反应，旨在从组织中消除和/或分离异物。异物反应 (FBR) 可能对与异常蛋白质聚集体或斑块形成相关的神经变性产生重大影响。斑块的独特物理特征，包括高刚度和不同的表面特性，可能会触发斑块作为异物的小胶质机械感应。小胶质细胞 FBR 可通过促进和/或抑制斑块驱动的神经变性而具有双重功能。小胶质细胞与斑块的接触可能引发小胶质细胞的炎症激活并支持小胶质细胞驱动的神经元损伤。反过来，