The concept of exosomes has been progressively changed from the status of cellular trashcans to multitasking organelles involved in many processes, including internalization, transport and transfer of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. While underpinning the mechanisms behind neurodegeneration and neuronal loss, exosomes were shown to be involved in carrying pathological misfolded proteins, propagation of β-amyloid protein and hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins across the brain that ultimately leads to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevailing multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. A potential novel therapeutic role of exosomes in AD intervention is suggested by their ability to increase Aβ clearance. This review aims to highlight the important pathological mechanisms as well as therapeutic strategies involving exosomes towards AD prevention.

外泌体的概念已逐渐从细胞垃圾箱的状态转变为参与许多过程的多任务细胞器，包括蛋白质、脂质和核酸等大分子的内化、运输和转移。虽然支持神经变性和神经元丢失背后的机制，但外泌体被证明参与携带病理性错误折叠蛋白、β-淀粉样蛋白和过度磷酸化的 tau 蛋白在大脑中的传播，最终导致阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的发作，最普遍的多因素神经退行性疾病。外泌体增加 Aβ 清除率的能力表明了外泌体在 AD 干预中的潜在新治疗作用。