Covid-19 vividly demonstrates the vulnerabilities of a globalized economy. At the apex of the crisis in Europe, supply of life-saving medical equipment could not be guaranteed. Governments around the globe rushed to restrict medical exports for fears of national shortages, threatening the ability of other governments in the global economy to effectively tend to their immediate health security needs. The vulnerable mechanism underwriting globalization? An interdependent global economy in which individual dependencies can expose states to vulnerabilities in times of crisis. Deep interdependencies are not new. Neither is periodic mistrust in them. German economist Max Sering wrote in 1900: “It has been wrongly contended that in the economic intercourse of nations the dependence is always a mutual one. [There] exists between national economies relations of exploitation and of subjection.” Covid-19 stimulated this simmering angst about a loss of national autonomy. Though unmatchable in its global punch, the health pandemic is not the only crisis the interdependent global economy faces. Geopolitics, too, is not conducive to smooth operations. As Sering and his peers already warned over a century ago, powers can weaponize dependencies, should this be in their political interest. This age-old form of statecraft is en vogue once again: access to finance, the flow of investment, the export of technology, chemical inputs—or, indeed, the export of live-saving drugs during a pandemic. The great powers instrumentalize everything and strategic trade networks are particularly vulnerable. International rules, which have curbed this statecraft rather successfully in past decades, have seen better days. Take the World Trade Organization (WTO). Its ability Asia Europe Journal https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-020-00579-y

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Covid-19之后：欧亚互联互通的经济安全

Covid-19 生动地展示了全球化经济的脆弱性。在欧洲危机最严重的时候，救生医疗设备的供应无法得到保证。由于担心国家短缺，全球各国政府争先恐后地限制医疗出口，这威胁到全球经济中其他政府有效满足其紧迫的健康安全需求的能力。支撑全球化的脆弱机制？一个相互依存的全球经济，在这种经济中，个体依赖可能使国家在危机时期暴露于脆弱性。深度的相互依赖并不新鲜。对它们也不是周期性的不信任。德国经济学家马克斯·塞林（Max Sering）在 1900 年写道：“人们错误地认为，在国家间的经济交往中，依赖总是相互的。国民经济之间存在着剥削和服从的关系。” Covid-19 引发了人们对失去民族自治权的担忧。尽管全球影响力无与伦比，但健康大流行并不是相互依存的全球经济面临的唯一危机。地缘政治也不利于平稳运行。正如 Sering 和他的同行在一个多世纪前已经警告过的那样，如果这符合他们的政治利益，权力可以将依赖武器化。这种古老的治国之道再次流行起来：获得资金、投资流动、技术出口、化学投入——或者，实际上，在大流行期间出口救命药物。大国将一切工具化，战略贸易网络尤其脆弱。国际规则，在过去几十年中相当成功地遏制了这种治国之道，已经看到了更好的日子。以世界贸易组织（WTO）为例。其能力亚欧期刊 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-020-00579-y