Fucoidans are marine algal sulfated glycans that are widely used as dietary additives in aquaculture. These glycans are recognized as beneficial supplements for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral properties. Potassium permanganate is another commonly used chemical that is used in aquaculture to treat infections in fish. Despite their widespread use, there are few data available regarding the potential sublethal toxicity associated with fucoidan and potassium permanganate treatments of fish. In this study, we investigated the effect of each compound on the growth, intestinal health, and antioxidant status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Both compounds affected the growth of experimental fish compared with untreated fish. However, while growth parameters were positively associated with the dose of fucoidan administered, growth was negatively associated with the dose of potassium permanganate in Nile tilapia. Fucoidan treatment was observed to improve the intestinal health of fish based upon increases in intestinal villous area, intestinal villous length and width, and the intraepithelial lymphocyte number and decreases in the total intestinal bacterial count compared with untreated fish. Conversely, potassium permanganate induced intestinal epithelium proliferation and villous branching, a histopathological response typically observed with chemical irritants. Both fucoidan and potassium permanganate decreased levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress markers and enhanced the antioxidant status in multiple organs. Taken together, fucoidan dietary application improved the growth, intestinal health, and antioxidant status in Nile tilapia, supporting the use of this compound as a promising feed additive for aquaculture production. Conversely, potassium permanganate baths have negative effects on fish growth at higher doses and appeared to act as a gastrointestinal irritant in tilapia. This study improves knowledge regarding the biochemical and histological responses in Nile tilapia to two widely used aquaculture-related treatments.

中文翻译：

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岩藻依聚糖或高锰酸钾对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的生长性能，肠道病理和抗氧化状态的影响。

藻葡聚糖是海洋藻类硫酸化聚糖，被广泛用作水产养殖中的饮食添加剂。这些聚糖因其抗微生物，抗炎，抗癌和抗病毒特性而被认为是有益的补充剂。高锰酸钾是在水产养殖中用于治疗鱼类感染的另一种常用化学物质。尽管已广泛使用它们，但有关岩藻依聚糖和高锰酸钾处理鱼的潜在亚致死毒性的数据很少。在这项研究中，我们调查了每种化合物对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的生长，肠道健康和抗氧化状态的影响。与未处理的鱼相比，这两种化合物都影响实验鱼的生长。然而，生长参数与岩藻依聚糖的剂量呈正相关，而尼罗罗非鱼的生长与高锰酸钾的剂量呈负相关。与未处理的鱼相比，观察到岩藻依丹治疗可改善鱼的肠道健康，其原因是肠绒毛面积，肠绒毛长度和宽度以及上皮内淋巴细胞数量的增加和总细菌总数的减少。相反，高锰酸钾诱导肠上皮增殖和绒毛状分支，这是化学刺激物通常观察到的组织病理学反应。岩藻依聚糖和高锰酸钾都降低了氧化应激和亚硝化应激指标的水平，并增强了多个器官的抗氧化状态。在一起 岩藻依聚糖的饮食应用改善了尼罗罗非鱼的生长，肠道健康和抗氧化剂状态，支持将该化合物用作有前途的水产养殖饲料添加剂。相反，高锰酸钾浴在高剂量下对鱼类的生长有负面影响，并且似乎在罗非鱼中起胃肠道刺激作用。这项研究提高了尼罗罗非鱼对两种广泛使用的与水产养殖有关的处理方法的生化和组织学反应的知识。