Marriage and parenthood are associated with alcohol use and use disorder (AUD), although they are confounded such that many studies struggle to identify their unique and/or causal effects. The present study utilized a genetically informed discordant twin design that strengthens the putative causal role of marital and parental status in the presentation of AUD symptoms by using each individual's cotwin as their own control while simultaneously modeling both predictors among men and women. Participants were 980 complete same-sex twin pairs from the Australian Twin Registry (Mage = 31.70 [SD = 2.48]; 71% women). Marital status, parental status, and past year AUD symptoms were assessed via semistructured interview. Three random-intercept generalized linear mixed models were fit in men and women including (a) marital status only, (b) parental status only, and (c) both marital and parental status; demographics, past year pregnancy, age of first drink, age of regular drinking, personality traits, and antisociality were included as covariates. Models tested for quasi-causal and familial effects. The sole-predictor marital status model (Model 1) provided the best fit among men, while the simultaneous-predictor marital and parental status model (Model 3) provided the best fit among women. Sole-predictor models showed familial effects of both predictors among men and quasi-causal and familial effects of both predictors among women; the simultaneous-predictor model revealed familial effects of marital status only among men and quasi-causal effects of parental status only among women. The present study elucidates important sex differences in the presentation of AUD among midlife adults in the context of notable developmental milestones. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

婚姻状况和父母身份对酒精使用障碍症状的相对影响的性别差异：多级不一致双胞胎设计。

婚姻和父母身份与酒精使用和使用障碍 (AUD) 相关，尽管它们被混淆了，以至于许多研究难以确定它们的独特和/或因果影响。本研究利用遗传信息不一致的双胞胎设计，通过使用每个人的双胞胎作为自己的控制，同时对男性和女性的两个预测因子进行建模，从而加强了婚姻和父母状况在 AUD 症状呈现中的假定因果作用。参与者是来自澳大利亚双胞胎登记处的 980 对完整的同性双胞胎（Mage = 31.70 [SD = 2.48]；71% 是女性）。通过半结构化访谈评估婚姻状况、父母状况和过去一年的 AUD 症状。三个随机截距广义线性混合模型适用于男性和女性，包括（a）仅婚姻状况，(b) 仅父母身份，以及 (c) 婚姻和父母身份；人口统计学、去年怀孕、第一次饮酒的年龄、经常饮酒的年龄、个性特征和反社会性被作为协变量。模型测试了准因果效应和家族效应。单一预测婚姻状况模型（模型 1）在男性中提供了最佳拟合，而同时预测婚姻和父母状况模型（模型 3）在女性中提供了最佳拟合。单一预测因子​​模型显示，这两个预测因子在男性中的家族效应和两个预测因子在女性中的准因果和家族效应；同时预测模型揭示了婚姻状况仅在男性中的家族效应，以及生育状况的准因果效应仅在女性中。本研究阐明了在显着发展里程碑的背景下，中年成年人 AUD 表现的重要性别差异。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。