Modern anti-cancer drugs target DNA specifically for rapid division of malignant cells. One downside of this approach is that they also target other rapidly dividing healthy cells, such as those involved in hair growth leading to serious toxic side effects and hair loss. Therefore, it would be better to develop novel agents that address cellular signaling mechanisms unique to cancerous cells, and new research is now focussing on such approaches. Although the classical chemotherapy area involving DNA as the set target continues to produce important findings, nevertheless, a distinctly discernible emerging trend is the divergence from the cisplatin operation model that uses the metal as the primary active center of the drug. Many successful anti-cancer drugs present are associated with elevated toxicity levels. Cancers also develop immunity against most therapies and the area of cancer research can, therefore, be seen as an area with a high unaddressed need. Hence, ongoing work into cancer pathogenesis is important to create accurate preclinical tests that can contribute to the development of innovative drugs to manage and treat cancer. Some of the emergent frontiers utilizing different approaches include nanoparticles delivery, use of quantum dots, metal complexes, tumor ablation, magnetic hypothermia and hyperthermia by use of Superparamagnetic Iron oxide Nanostructures, pathomics and radiomics, laser surgery and exosomes. This review summarizes these new approaches in good detail, giving critical views with necessary comparisons. It also delves into what they carry for the future, including their advantages and disadvantages.

中文翻译：

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除了癌症化疗中的 DNA 靶向。新兴前沿 - 回顾。

现代抗癌药物靶向 DNA，专门用于恶性细胞的快速分裂。这种方法的一个缺点是它们还针对其他快速分裂的健康细胞，例如那些参与头发生长的细胞，导致严重的毒副作用和脱发。因此，最好开发针对癌细胞特有的细胞信号机制的新型药物，而新的研究现在正集中在此类方法上。尽管以 DNA 作为设定目标的经典化疗领域继续产生重要发现，但一个明显可辨别的新兴趋势是与使用金属作为药物主要活性中心的顺铂操作模型的分歧。许多成功的抗癌药物都与毒性水平升高有关。癌症也会对大多数疗法产生免疫力，因此，癌症研究领域可以被视为一个高度未解决的领域。因此，正在进行的癌症发病机制研究对于创建准确的临床前测试非常重要，这些测试有助于开发管理和治疗癌症的创新药物。一些使用不同方法的新兴前沿领域包括纳米颗粒递送、量子点的使用、金属配合物、肿瘤消融、磁低温和通过使用超顺磁性氧化铁纳米结构的高温、病理组学和放射组学、激光手术和外泌体。这篇综述详细总结了这些新方法，给出了带有必要比较的批判性观点。它还深入探讨了他们为未来带来的东西，包括他们的优势和劣势。