Interactions among heavy ions at the CERN LHC collider recreate the state of matter as it was a few micro-seconds after the Big Bang: the Quark Gluon Coloured World (QGCW). At a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV the produced QGCW reaches unprecedented temperatures, volumes and durations allowing more refined studies of its properties. Data collected during LHC Run1 (from 2010 to 2013) already provided new and sometimes unexpected results, and pointed to intriguing similarities among high multiplicity events produced in different colliding systems, namely pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb. A comprehensive review of these results is presented, showing how heavy-ion physics is a powerful tool to shed light on QCD in such extreme conditions when multiple phase transitions should occur to go from the QGCW to our present non-coloured world.

中文翻译：

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LHC的ALICE夸克胶彩色世界的见解

CERN LHC对撞机中重离子之间的相互作用重现了物质状态，因为距离大爆炸仅几微秒：夸克胶子彩色世界（QGCW）。在2.76 TeV的质心能量下，生成的QGCW达到了前所未有的温度，体积和持续时间，可以对其特性进行更精细的研究。在LHC Run1（2010年至2013年）期间收集的数据已经提供了新的，有时甚至是出乎意料的结果，并指出了在不同碰撞系统（pp，p-Pb和Pb-Pb）中产生的高多重性事件之间的有趣相似性。本文对这些结果进行了全面的综述，显示了重离子物理学是如何在如此极端的条件下阐明QCD的强大工具，当从QGCW到我们目前的无色世界应该发生多个相变时。