Abstract—This study aims at estimating some of the physical effects associated with the passage through the atmosphere and airburst of a meteoroid near Lipetsk (Russia) on June 21, 2018. The meteoroid’s initial kinetic energy was close to 11.7 TJ or 2.8 kt TNT. Approximately 10.4% or 1.22 TJ of the initial kinetic energy transformed into a flare. The meteoroid was found to be stony or, more specifically, a chondrite, with a matter density of 3.3 t/m³. The celestial body moved at an angle of approximately 79° with respect to the horizon. The body’s initial mass equaled approximately 113 t, its initial speed was 14.4 km/s, and the initial diameter was 4 m. The altitude of the Lipetsk meteoroid’s explosion was close to 27 km, and the length of the explosion region equaled approximately 3.75 km. A comprehensive modeling of the processes initiated by the meteoroid’s passage through all geospheres has been performed. Mechanical, optical, and gas-dynamic effects associated with the Lipetsk meteoroid’s passage have been estimated. The primary release of energy (10¹³ J) is shown to occur at an altitude of approximately 25–27 km, where the rate of the mass loss approached 130–140 t/s and the deceleration was close to 21 km/s². In the vicinity of the meteoroid’s explosion, the meteoroid’s speed decreased by approximately 12%, and its mass decreased by 16%. The main parameters of shock wave have been estimated. The shock wave energy and power are equal to approximately 10 TJ and 0.8 TW, respectively. At the epicenter of the meteoroid’s explosion, the pressure at the shock front reached ≈140 Pa. This turns out to be insufficient for causing the destruction of buildings. The optical flare energy and power were equal to 1.22 TJ and 2–3 TW, respectively. The flare energy was 5–6 orders of magnitude less than that necessary for causing the ignition of materials and fires in the epicenter region. The relative disturbances in the air pressure at ionospheric altitudes above the explosion epicenter attained tens and even hundreds of percent.

中文翻译：

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Lipetsk流星体的物理效应：1

摘要—该研究旨在估算与利佩茨克（俄罗斯）附近的流星体在2018年6月21日通过大气层和空气爆炸相关的一些物理效应。流星体的初始动能接近11.7 TJ或2.8 kt TNT。初始动能的大约10.4％或1.22 TJ转化为火炬。发现流星体是石质的，或更具体地说是球粒陨石，物质密度为3.3 t / m ³。天体相对于地平线以大约79°的角度移动。该物体的初始质量约为113 t，初始速度为14.4 km / s，初始直径为4 m。利佩茨克流星体爆炸的高度接近27公里，爆炸区域的长度约为3.75公里。对流星体穿越所有地球圈所引发的过程进行了全面的建模。已经估计了与利佩茨克流星体通道有关的机械，光学和气体动力学效应。最初的能量释放（10 ¹³ J）发生在大约25–27 km的高度，质量损失的速率接近130–140 t / s，减速接近21 km / s ²。在流星体爆炸附近，流星体的速度下降了约12％，质量下降了16％。估计了冲击波的主要参数。冲击波的能量和功率分别等于大约10 TJ和0.8 TW。在流星体爆炸的震中，激波前部的压力达到≈140Pa。这不足以引起建筑物的破坏。眩光能量和功率分别等于1.22 TJ和2-3 TW。火炬能量比震中区域引起物质着火和燃烧所需的能量少5-6个数量级。爆炸震中以上电离层高度的气压相对扰动达到百分之十甚至数百。