In this article, we discuss the recent progress on controlled structural modification of 2D materials by means of molecular functionalization, with a focus on scanning probe microscopy techniques for their characterization. For many practical applications of these novel materials, it is necessary to tune their electronic and optical properties, and molecule-based functionalization is a powerful approach to reach this. We discuss recent covalent and non-covalent approaches, for functionalization of graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and hexagonal boron nitride. Nanostructuring approaches and their impact on 2D materials’ properties are highlighted.

在本文中，我们将讨论通过分子功能化对2D材料进行可控结构修饰的最新进展，重点是扫描探针显微镜技术对其特性的表征。对于这些新型材料的许多实际应用，有必要调整它们的电子和光学特性，而基于分子的功能化是实现这一目标的有效方法。我们讨论了石墨烯，过渡金属二卤化物，黑磷和六方氮化硼功能化的最新共价和非共价方法。重点介绍了纳米结构方法及其对二维材料性能的影响。