Neuroscience deals with one of the most complicate system we can study: the brain. The huge amount of connections among the cells and the different phenomena occurring at different scale give rise to a continuous flow of data that have to be collected, analyzed and interpreted. Neuroscientists try to interrogate this complexity to find basic principles underlying brain electrochemical signalling and human/animal behaviour to disclose the mechanisms that trigger neurodegenerative diseases and to understand how restoring damaged brain circuits. The main tool to perform these tasks is a neural interface, a system able to interact with brain tissue at different levels to provide a uni/bidirectional communication path.

Recently, breakthroughs coming from various disciplines have been combined to enforce features and potentialities of neural interfaces. Among the different findings, flexible electronics is playing a pivotal role in revolutionizing neural interfaces.

In this work, we review the most recent advances in the fabrication of neural interfaces based on flexible electronics. We define challenges and issues to be solved for the application of such platforms and we discuss the different parts of the system regarding improvements in materials selection and breakthrough in applications both for in vitro and in vivo tests.

神经科学处理的是我们可以研究的最复杂的系统之一：大脑。单元之间的大量连接以及以不同规模发生的不同现象导致必须收集，分析和解释的数据不断流动。神经科学家试图询问这种复杂性，以发现大脑电化学信号和人类/动物行为的基本原理，以揭示引发神经退行性疾病的机制，并了解如何恢复受损的大脑回路。执行这些任务的主要工具是神经接口，该系统能够与大脑组织在不同级别进行交互以提供单向/双向通信路径。

最近，来自各个学科的突破已经被结合起来，以增强神经接口的功能和潜力。在不同的发现中，柔性电子在革新神经接口方面起着举足轻重的作用。

在这项工作中，我们回顾了基于柔性电子学的神经接口制造的最新进展。我们定义了此类平台的应用所要解决的挑战和问题，并讨论了系统的不同部分，涉及材料选择的改进以及体外和体内测试应用的突破。