The fabrication of atomically precise structures with designer electronic properties is one of the emerging topics in condensed matter physics. The required level of structural control can either be reached through atomic manipulation using the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) or by bottom-up chemical synthesis. In this review, we focus on recent progress in constructing novel, atomically precise artificial materials: artificial lattices built through atom manipulation and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) realized by on-surface synthesis. We summarize the required theoretical background and the latest experiments on artificial lattices, topological states in one-dimensional lattices, experiments on graphene nanoribbons and graphene nanoribbon heterostructures, and topological states in graphene nanoribbons. Finally, we conclude our review with an outlook to designer quantum materials with engineered electronic structure.

具有设计者电子特性的原子精确结构的制造是凝聚态物理中新兴的主题之一。可以通过使用扫描隧道显微镜（STM）的尖端进行原子操作或通过自下而上的化学合成来达到所需的结构控制水平。在这篇综述中，我们关注于构建新颖的，原子精确的人造材料的最新进展：通过原子操纵建立的人造晶格和通过表面合成实现的石墨烯纳米带（GNR）。我们总结了所需的理论背景和有关人造晶格，一维晶格中的拓扑状态，石墨烯纳米带和石墨烯纳米带异质结构的实验以及石墨烯纳米带中的拓扑状态的最新实验。最后，