Graphene has been recognized as a promising candidate in developing tunable terahertz (THz) functional devices due to its excellent optical and electronic properties, such as high carrier mobility and tunable conductivity. Here, we review graphene-based THz modulators we have recently developed. First, the optical properties of graphene are discussed. Then, graphene THz modulators realized by different methods, such as gate voltage, optical pump, and nonlinear response of graphene are presented. Finally, challenges and prospective of graphene THz modulators are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯太赫兹调制器的最新进展

石墨烯因其出色的光学和电子特性（例如高载流子迁移率和可调电导率）而被公认为是开发可调谐太赫兹（THz）功能器件的有希望的候选者。在这里，我们回顾一下我们最近开发的基于石墨烯的太赫兹调制器。首先，讨论了石墨烯的光学性质。然后，介绍了通过不同方法实现的石墨烯太赫兹调制器，例如栅极电压，光泵和石墨烯的非线性响应。最后，还讨论了石墨烯太赫兹调制器的挑战和前景。