According to history, in the pre-Hispanic period, during the conquest and Inka expansion in Ecuador, many Andean families of the Cañar region would have been displaced to several places of Tawantinsuyu, including Kañaris, a Quechua-speaking community located at the highlands of the Province of Ferreñafe, Lambayeque (Peru). Other families were probably taken from the Central Andes to a place close to Kañaris, named Inkawasi. Evidence of this migration comes from the presence near the Kañaris–Inkawasi communities of a village, a former Inka camp, which persists until the present day. This scenario could explain these toponyms, but it is still controversial. To clarify this historical question, the study presented here focused on the inference of the genetic relationship between ‘Cañaris’ populations, particularly of Cañar and Ferreñafe, compared to other highland populations. We analysed native patrilineal Y chromosome haplotypes composed of 15 short tandem repeats, a set of SNPs, and maternal mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of control region sequences. After the genetic comparisons of local populations—three from Ecuador and seven from Peru—, Y chromosome analyses (n = 376) indicated that individuals from the Cañar region do not share Y haplotypes with the Kañaris, or even with those of the Inkawasi. However, some Y haplotypes of Ecuadorian ‘Cañaris’ were associated with haplotypes of the Peruvian populations of Cajamarca, Chivay (Arequipa), Cusco and Lake Titicaca, an observation that is congruent with colonial records. Within the Kañaris and Inkawasi communities there are at least five clans in which several individuals share haplotypes, indicating that they have recent common ancestors. Despite their relative isolation, most individuals of both communities are related to those of the Cajamarca and Chachapoyas in Peru, consistent with the spoken Quechua and their geographic proximity. With respect to mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (n = 379), with the exception of a shared haplotype of the D1 lineage between the Cañar and Kañaris, there are no genetic affinities. Although there is no close genetic relationship between the Peruvian Kañaris (including Inkawasi) and Ecuadorian Cañar populations, our results showed some congruence with historical records.

中文翻译：

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使用单亲DNA标记物追踪厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的'Cañaris'的遗传历史。

根据历史，在西班牙裔前期，在厄瓜多尔征服和印加扩张期间，卡纳尔地区的许多安第斯家庭将流离失所到塔旺廷苏尤的几个地方，其中包括卡纳里斯语，这是一个位于魁北克高地的讲盖丘亚语的社区。兰巴耶克（秘鲁）的费雷纳菲省。其他家庭可能从安第斯山脉中部被带到靠近卡纳里斯的地方，名为Inkawasi。这种迁移的证据来自附近一个村庄的卡纳里斯-因卡瓦西社区的存在，该村庄曾是印加人的营地，一直持续到今天。这种情况可以解释这些地名，但仍存在争议。为了澄清这个历史问题，此处提出的研究重点是推断“Cañaris”种群之间，尤其是Cañar和Ferreñafe种群之间的遗传关系，与其他高原人口相比。我们分析了由15个短串联重复序列，一组SNP和控制区域序列的母体线粒体DNA单倍型组成的天然父系Y染色体单倍型。在对当地居民进行基因比较后（厄瓜多尔有3个，秘鲁有7个），Y染色体分析（n = 376）表明，Cañar地区的人与Kañaris甚至与Inkawasi的人没有Y型单倍型。但是，厄瓜多尔“Cañaris”的某些Y单倍型与秘鲁卡哈马卡，奇瓦伊（阿雷基帕），库斯科和的喀喀湖的人口单倍型有关，这一发现与殖民地记录是一致的。在卡纳里斯（Kañaris）和Inkawasi社区内，至少有五个氏族，其中几个人共享单倍型，表明他们有最近的共同祖先。尽管他们相对孤立，但两个社区的大多数人还是与秘鲁的Cajamarca和Chachapoyas的人有亲戚关系，这与口语Quechua及其地理上的亲近性一致。关于线粒体DNA单倍型（n = 379），除了Cañar和Kañaris之间的D1谱系共有单倍型外，没有遗传亲和力。尽管秘鲁卡纳里人（包括Inkawasi）和厄瓜多尔卡纳尔人之间没有密切的遗传关系，但我们的结果显示与历史记录有些一致。关于线粒体DNA单倍型（n = 379），除了Cañar和Kañaris之间的D1谱系共有单倍型外，没有遗传亲和力。尽管秘鲁卡纳里人（包括Inkawasi）和厄瓜多尔卡纳尔人之间没有密切的遗传关系，但我们的结果显示与历史记录有些一致。关于线粒体DNA单倍型（n = 379），除了Cañar和Kañaris之间的D1谱系共有单倍型外，没有遗传亲和力。尽管秘鲁卡纳里人（包括Inkawasi）和厄瓜多尔卡纳尔人之间没有密切的遗传关系，但我们的结果显示与历史记录有些一致。