Although the probability of vehicle collision with bridge piers is relatively low, it may cause the pier to fracture and even the entire bridge to collapse, resulting in casualties and huge economic losses. Therefore, bridge piers should be properly designed against vehicle collision. This paper aims to make a state-of-the-art review of the research on vehicle collision with bridge piers, to summarize the achievements and current limitations in this field, and to give some suggestions for future research. It is organized within a framework of performance-based design, which is divided into four types of problems, that is, hazard analysis, structural analysis, damage analysis, and loss analysis. Studies show that reinforced concrete (RC) piers under vehicle impact generally exhibit three damage modes, that is, local damage, shear damage, and flexural damage. When a large truck hits a pier, the engine and container (cargo) may contribute to a two-stage impact characteristic, which has a great influence on the response and damage of the pier. The vehicular impact (force) models and nonlinear response models of RC members under impact loads have been developed respectively, which can be combined to quickly analyze the nonlinear response of RC piers under vehicle impact. Deformation-based methods should be developed to quantify the damage level of RC piers under different damage modes. Current codes still mainly adopt the equivalent static force design method, but some provisions regarding probabilistic (reliability) analysis have appeared. More attention should be paid to the statistical analysis of roadside crashes and vehicle-related parameters in order to obtain a more realistic probabilistic analysis model, and further establish a performance-based design method for RC piers subjected to vehicle collision.

中文翻译：

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车辆与桥墩相撞：最先进的审查

虽然车辆与桥墩发生碰撞的概率较低，但可能会导致桥墩断裂，甚至整座桥倒塌，造成人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。因此，桥墩应适当设计以防止车辆碰撞。本文旨在对车辆与桥墩碰撞研究的最新进展进行综述，总结该领域的成果和目前的局限性，并为未来的研究提出一些建议。它是在基于性能的设计框架内组织起来的，分为四种类型的问题，即危害分析、结构分析、损伤分析和损失分析。研究表明，车辆冲击作用下钢筋混凝土（RC）桥墩一般表现出三种损伤模式，即局部损伤、剪切损伤、和弯曲损伤。大型货车撞击码头时，发动机和集装箱（货物）可能会产生两级冲击特性，对码头的响应和损坏影响很大。分别建立了车辆冲击（力）模型和RC构件在冲击载荷作用下的非线性响应模型，可以结合起来快速分析车辆冲击下RC桥墩的非线性响应。应开发基于变形的方法来量化不同损伤模式下 RC 桥墩的损伤水平。现行规范仍主要采用等效静力设计方法，但出现了一些关于概率（可靠性）分析的规定。