Insights into the dynamics of electrochemical processes are critically needed to improve our fundamental understanding of electron, charge, and mass transfer mechanisms and reaction kinetics that influence a broad range of applications, from the functionality of electrical energy-storage and conversion devices (e.g., batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors), to materials degradation issues (e.g., corrosion and oxidation), and materials synthesis (e.g., electrodeposition). To unravel these processes, in situ electrochemical scanning/transmission electron microscopy (ec-S/TEM) was developed to permit detailed site-specific characterization of evolving electrochemical processes that occur at electrode–electrolyte interfaces in their native electrolyte environment, in real time and at high-spatial resolution. This approach utilizes “closed-form” microfabricated electrochemical cells that couple the capability for quantitative electrochemical measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art instrumentation for in situ ec-S/TEM and how this approach has resulted in new observations of electrochemical processes.

迫切需要深入了解电化学过程的动力学，以提高我们对电子，电荷和传质机制以及反应动力学的基本了解，这些机理会影响电能存储和转换设备（例如电池）的广泛应用，燃料电池和超级电容器），材料退化问题（例如腐蚀和氧化）和材料合成（例如电沉积）。要解开这些过程，就地电化学扫描/透射电子显微镜（ec-S / TEM）的开发是为了允许实时，高空间分辨率地对发生在其天然电解质环境中的电极-电解质界面发生的不断发展的电化学过程进行详细的现场特定表征。这种方法利用“封闭形式”的微型电化学电池，将定量电化学测量功能与高空间和时间分辨率成像，光谱学和衍射结合在一起。在本文中，我们回顾了用于原位ec-S / TEM的最新仪器，以及该方法如何产生电化学过程的新观察结果。