Liquid phase (or liquid cell) transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM) has been established as a powerful tool for observing dynamic processes in liquids at nanometer to atomic length scales. However, the simple act of observation using electrons irreversibly alters the nature of the sample. A clear understanding of electron-beam-driven processes during LP-TEM is required to interpret in situ observations and utilize the electron beam as a stimulus to drive nanoscale dynamic processes. In this article, we discuss recent advances toward understanding, quantifying, mitigating, and harnessing electron-beam-driven chemical processes occurring during LP-TEM. We highlight progress in several research areas, including modeling electron-beam-induced radiolysis near interfaces, electron-beam-induced nanocrystal formation, and radiation damage of soft materials and biomolecules.

液相（或液池）透射电子显微镜（LP-TEM）已被确立为一种强大的工具，可用于观察纳米级到原子级的液体动态过程。但是，使用电子进行的简单观察操作不可逆地改变了样品的性质。需要对LP-TEM中的电子束驱动过程有一个清晰的了解以进行原位解释观察并利用电子束作为刺激来驱动纳米级动态过程。在本文中，我们讨论了在理解，量化，缓解和利用LP-TEM期间发生的电子束驱动化学过程方面的最新进展。我们重点介绍了几个研究领域的进展，包括对界面附近的电子束诱导的辐射分解进行建模，电子束诱导的纳米晶体形成以及软材料和生物分子的辐射损伤。