ABSTRACT Numerous slag samples and a piece of iron bloom with slag from excavations of Celtic settlements (La Téne C and D) at Ordacsehi, Szilvásvárad and Jászberény (Hungary) were examined. The main objectives of the investigations were to study the material and structural properties of the slag specimens, the definition of the metallurgical functions of the different pieces of slag. Analytical techniques are wet chemical analysis (ICP-OES complemented with carbon determination, moreover using titration for separating the Fe2+ and Fe3+), textural-chemical investigations with SEM-EDS microanalysis and mineralogical analysis with XRD. Chemical investigations can be supplemented by ED-XRF. Most of the examined slags can be originated from the purification hammering process, where in an oxidizing atmosphere intended to separate the slag from the iron after reheating the bloom, or the forging of the iron tool. Some of the slag samples with fine dendrites remind metallurgical slag, although there have not been found traces of bloomery at the excavation sites. The examined slaggy bloom-fragment interlocks to the beginning of the technological line of forging as the first (by)product after the smelting formed in the bloomery furnace. Most of the examined slag samples are by-products of smithy workshop working in buildings.

中文翻译：

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来自匈牙利晚铁器时代遗址的炼铁炉渣——成分、微观结构和功能

摘要 检查了在 Ordacsehi、Szilvásvárad 和 Jászberény（匈牙利）的凯尔特人定居点（La Téne C 和 D）的发掘中的大量炉渣样品和一块带有炉渣的铁锭。调查的主要目的是研究炉渣试样的材料和结构特性，定义不同炉渣的冶金功能。分析技术包括湿化学分析（ICP-OES 辅以碳测定，此外还使用滴定法分离 Fe2+ 和 Fe3+）、使用 SEM-EDS 微量分析进行的结构化学研究和使用 XRD 进行的矿物学分析。ED-XRF 可以补充化学研究。大多数检查的炉渣可以来自净化锤击过程，在氧化气氛中，在重新加热钢坯或锻造铁工具后，将炉渣与铁分离。一些带有细枝晶的炉渣样品让人联想到冶金炉渣，尽管在挖掘现场没有发现开花的痕迹。检查的钢渣大方坯碎片作为在大方炉熔炼后形成的第一个（副）产品与锻造工艺线的起点相连。大部分被检测的炉渣样品是在建筑物中工作的铁匠铺的副产品。检查的钢渣大方坯碎片作为在大方炉熔炼后形成的第一个（副）产品与锻造工艺线的起点相连。大部分被检测的炉渣样品是在建筑物中工作的铁匠铺的副产品。检查的钢渣大方坯碎片作为在大方炉熔炼后形成的第一个（副）产品与锻造工艺线的起点相连。大部分被检测的炉渣样品是在建筑物中工作的铁匠铺的副产品。