Micro-nanoscale core–shell particles are distinguishable from other particle types because of their unique composition. Core-shell particles combine the features of both the core and shell materials, while exhibiting smart properties resulting from their materials. In the past few years, the research community has paid increasing attention to the generation and application of core–shell structures. The present review focuses on the core–shell microparticles, which have found practical applications in various fields. The novel properties of the core–shell microparticles make them extremely suitable for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, including cell encapsulation, cell study, targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release, food industry, catalysis, and environmental monitoring. This paper also systematically reviews the different classes of core–shell microparticles based on their respective materials. Moreover, an overview of conventional and more recent microfluidic methods for the generation of core–shell microparticles is presented. The unique advantages of the microfluidic approaches are highlighted.

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核壳微粒：生成方法和应用

微纳米核壳颗粒因其独特的成分而与其他颗粒类型区分开来。核壳颗粒结合了核壳材料的特性，同时表现出由其材料产生的智能特性。近年来，研究界越来越关注核壳结构的产生和应用。本综述重点关注核壳微粒，它们已在各个领域得到实际应用。核壳微粒的新特性使其非常适用于制药和生物医学应用，包括细胞封装、细胞研究、靶向药物递送、药物控释、食品工业、催化和环境监测。本文还根据其各自的材料系统地回顾了不同类别的核壳微粒。此外，还概述了用于产生核壳微粒的传统和更新的微流体方法。突出了微流体方法的独特优势。