The peculiarity of human urine as a resource, in terms of ethical and cultural considerations, and human perception, demands the development of a highly decentralized modular system, to enable the feasibility of the emerging concept of nutrient recovery in this regard. Consequently, a modular reactor, with packed bed of granular Gastropod shell (GS) was constructed for nutrient recovery from yellow water and the operational parameters were derived in simulated and pilot studies. Prior to the design of the modular reactor, both the raw and calcined GS were screened in a batch reactor for nutrient fraction recovery (i.e. total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN)). The TP recovery was more favorable than the TN, but the TN recovery was the rate determining step. Despite the low TN capture efficiency of the reactor, the hydrolysis of the urea fraction that promotes nitrogen loss from yellow water was greatly impeded. The system showed higher selectivity for the nutrient fraction than the other constituents of the human urine, as manifested in the high residual COD and creatinine values in the treated yellow water. The volume of yellow water treated and the nutrient recovery capacity of the modular reactor were HRT dependent. A diminution in the nutrient recovery efficiency was observed in the pilot study, when compared with the simulated studies of the same HRT.

从伦理和文化考虑以及人类感知的角度来看，人类尿液作为一种资源的特殊性要求开发高度分散的模块化系统，以使这方面新出现的营养物回收概念具有可行性。因此，建造了带有颗粒腹足纲贝壳（GS）填充床的模块化反应器，用于从黄水中回收营养物，并通过模拟和中试研究得出了运行参数。在设计模块化反应器之前，应在间歇式反应器中筛选粗制和煅制的GS，以回收营养物（即总磷（TP）和总氮（TN））。TP恢复比TN更有利，但是TN恢复是速率确定的步骤。尽管反应堆的TN捕集效率低，大大阻碍了促进黄水氮流失的尿素馏分的水解。该系统显示出比人类尿液其他成分更高的营养成分选择性，这在经过处理的黄水中具有较高的残留COD和肌酐值。处理过的黄水的体积和模块化反应器的养分回收能力取决于HRT。与相同的HRT的模拟研究相比，在试验研究中观察到了养分回收效率的降低。处理过的黄水的体积和模块化反应器的养分回收能力取决于HRT。与相同的HRT的模拟研究相比，在试验研究中观察到了养分回收效率的降低。处理过的黄水的体积和模块化反应器的养分回收能力取决于HRT。与相同的HRT的模拟研究相比，在试验研究中观察到了养分回收效率的降低。