Knowledge is widely considered a key ingredient for the effective and sustainable governance of the environment. In transboundary settings – i.e., where political boundaries cross natural resource system boundaries – there are considerable barriers to knowledge production and use. Resulting knowledge gaps can be barriers to governance. This research examines three case studies in which international river basin organizations, tasked with facilitating cooperation in transboundary river basins, recognized and addressed knowledge gaps to support governance of shared waters. We synthesize across the three case studies to develop a typology of knowledge gaps and the strategies used to address those gaps. In identifying common types of knowledge gaps and the on-the-ground strategies used to fill them, this research provides an important framework for assessing and theorizing knowledge at the transboundary scale, as well as useful recommendations and examples for practitioners seeking to develop that knowledge.

知识被广泛认为是有效和可持续管理环境的关键因素。在跨境环境中（即政治边界跨越自然资源系统边界的地方），知识生产和使用存在相当大的障碍。由此产生的知识鸿沟可能成为治理的障碍。这项研究考察了三个案例研究，在这些案例研究中，负责促进跨界流域合作的国际流域组织认识并解决了知识不足以支持共享水域治理的问题。我们对这三个案例研究进行了综合，以建立知识差距的类型学以及用于解决这些差距的策略。在确定常见的知识空白类型和弥补这些空白的实地策略时，