Abstract Bedload transport measurements in the formerly glaciated Chocholowski catchment located in the Western Tatras in Poland were performed in the period 1975 to 2018. Measurement of bedload displacement allowed to determine the role of bedload transport disturbances in both system connectivity and sediment transfer. Bedload transport occurred as many as triggered up to several times a year. The longest distances were observed during rain-on-snow events: between 12 m in headwaters and over 100 m in the fluvial valley. Bedload became activated along the entire length of the channel system (10.5 km) every 2 to 5 years when the stream discharge exceeded 10 m3 s−1 (with an average of 1.25 m3 s−1). In such situations, bedload dynamics increased downstream, and stream power was sufficient to overcome local barriers (i.e. boulder and log steps). Downstream increases in bedload dynamics may become disturbed and inverted by sudden snowmelt and locally heavy rainfall. These types of events caused the dynamics of bedload transport to be 190% to 320% greater in the upper part of the studied catchment and to decline in the downstream direction over a distance of 7 km to yield an attenuation effect. The same pattern was observed in local tributaries where the dynamics of bedload transport were 200% higher in the upper part and attenuation was observed along a distance of 1.5 km in the downstream direction. All events of this type cause seasonal disturbances in bedload transport. However, the greatest effect on bedload dynamics was produced by natural deforestation. A 16% decrease in forest cover causes a fluvial system disequilibrium manifested in an intensification of hydro-geomorphologic processes and formation of new landforms.

中文翻译：

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高山河道系统中粗大底物运输的干扰（波兰西部塔特拉山）

摘要 1975 年至 2018 年期间，对位于波兰西塔特拉山的原冰川 Chocholowski 流域进行了底泥输送测量。底泥位移测量可以确定底泥输送扰动在系统连通性和沉积物输送中的作用。泥沙运输发生的次数与触发次数一样多，一年之多。在雨雪事件期间观察到最长的距离：在源头 12 m 和河流河谷超过 100 m 之间。当河流流量超过 10 m3 s-1（平均为 1.25 m3 s-1）时，每 2 到 5 年，沿河道系统的整个长度（10.5 公里）就会激活底泥。在这种情况下，下游的河床负载动态增加，河流动力足以克服局部障碍（即巨石和原木台阶）。下游河床负荷动态的增加可能会因突然的融雪和局部强降雨而受到干扰和逆转。这些类型的事件导致所研究流域上部的底物运输动态增加了 190% 到 320%，并在下游方向下降了 7 公里的距离以产生衰减效应。在局部支流中观察到相同的模式，其中上部的底物运输动态高 200%，沿下游方向 1.5 公里的距离观察到衰减。所有这种类型的事件都会引起底物运输的季节性干扰。然而，对床负荷动态的最大影响是由自然砍伐森林产生的。