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Assessing impacts of nitrogen management on nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching from greenhouse vegetable systems using a biogeochemical model
Geoderma ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114701
Jing Zhang , Hu Li , Jia Deng , Ligang Wang

Abstract Greenhouse vegetable (GV) fields with intensive nitrogen application and frequent flood irrigation may substantially contribute to reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses, such as nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. In this study, we applied a biogeochemical model, Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC), to assess impacts of N management on vegetable yields, N2O emissions, and NO3−-N leaching from GV systems. The model was evaluated using multi-year (2011–2013) field measurements of vegetable yields, N2O emissions, and NO3−-N concentrations in the surface soil layer and soil leachate under three treatments with different N management. The model evaluations demonstrated that the simulations of the vegetable yields and seasonal cumulative N2O emissions were consistent with the corresponding observations after calibration. In addition, DNDC generally captured the seasonal variations of the N2O fluxes and NO3−-N concentrations in the surface soil layer and the seasonal patterns and magnitudes of the measured NO3−-N concentrations in soil leachate in 2011. We then assessed impacts on the vegetable yields, N2O emissions, and NO3−-N leaching of different N management practices by conducting simulations under scenarios with changes in rate of the applied N-fertilizers and the application of nitrification inhibitor (NI). The results suggested that 1) the increasing of organic or synthetic N application rate generally increased the N2O emissions and NO3−-N leaching, but did not persistently increase the vegetable yields, 2) urea N application could induce more N2O emissions and NO3−-N leaching in comparison with organic N amendment, and 3) the NI application could decrease the N2O emissions and NO3−-N leaching while maintaining the vegetable yields at the GV fields. The optimum management practice identified in this study was applying organic manure at a rate of 320 kg N ha−1 four season−1 and urea at a rate of 334 kg N ha−1 four season−1, combined with the NI application. The optimum management practice reduced the rates of organic manure (1600 kg N ha−1 four season−1) and urea (1670 kg N ha−1 four season−1) under the farm's conventional practice by 80%. This practice maintained or slightly increased the yields and mitigated the N2O emissions and NO3−-N leaching by 81% to 90% and 92% to 95%, respectively, among different vegetable growing seasons.

中文翻译:

使用生物地球化学模型评估氮管理对温室蔬菜系统中一氧化二氮排放和硝酸盐浸出的影响

摘要 大量施氮和频繁漫灌的温室蔬菜 (GV) 田可能会导致活性氮 (Nr) 损失,例如一氧化二氮 (N2O) 排放和硝酸盐 (NO3−) 浸出。在本研究中,我们应用生物地球化学模型反硝化分解 (DNDC) 来评估氮管理对蔬菜产量、N2O 排放和 GV 系统中 NO3--N 浸出的影响。使用多年(2011-2013 年)实地测量蔬菜产量、N2O 排放和表土层和土壤渗滤液中的 NO3−-N 浓度对模型进行了评估,这些测量结果在三种不同氮管理处理下进行。模型评估表明,蔬菜产量和季节性累积 N2O 排放的模拟与校准后的相应观察结果一致。此外,DNDC 普遍捕获了 2011 年表层土壤中 N2O 通量和 NO3--N 浓度的季节性变化,以及测得的土壤渗滤液中 NO3--N 浓度的季节性模式和幅度。蔬菜产量、N2O 排放和不同 N 管理实践的 NO3--N 浸出,通过在应用 N 肥料和应用硝化抑制剂 (NI) 的速率变化的情景下进行模拟。结果表明:1)有机或合成施氮量的增加普遍增加了 N2O 排放和 NO3--N 的浸出,但没有持续增加蔬菜产量,2)尿素施氮会导致更多的 N2O 排放和 NO3--氮浸出与有机氮改良剂相比,3) NI 应用可以减少 N2O 排放和 NO3--N 浸出,同时保持 GV 田的蔬菜产量。本研究中确定的最佳管理实践是在四个季节-1 以 320 kg N ha-1 的比率施用有机肥料,在第四个季节-1 以 334 kg N ha-1 的比率施用尿素,并结合 NI 施用。最佳管理实践将农场常规做法下的有机肥(1600 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)和尿素(1670 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)的比率降低了80%。在不同的蔬菜生长季节,这种做法保持或略微增加了产量,并减少了 N2O 排放和 NO3--N 浸出率分别为 81% 至 90% 和 92% 至 95%。本研究中确定的最佳管理实践是在四个季节-1 以 320 kg N ha-1 的比率施用有机肥料,在第四个季节-1 以 334 kg N ha-1 的比率施用尿素,并结合 NI 施用。最佳管理实践将农场常规做法下的有机肥(1600 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)和尿素(1670 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)的比率降低了80%。在不同的蔬菜生长季节,这种做法保持或略微增加了产量,并减少了 N2O 排放和 NO3--N 浸出率分别为 81% 至 90% 和 92% 至 95%。本研究中确定的最佳管理实践是在四个季节-1 以 320 kg N ha-1 的比率施用有机肥料,在第四个季节-1 以 334 kg N ha-1 的比率施用尿素,并结合 NI 施用。最佳管理实践将农场常规做法下的有机肥(1600 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)和尿素(1670 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)的比率降低了80%。在不同的蔬菜生长季节,这种做法保持或略微增加了产量,并减少了 N2O 排放和 NO3--N 浸出率分别为 81% 至 90% 和 92% 至 95%。最佳管理实践将农场常规做法下的有机肥(1600 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)和尿素(1670 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)的比率降低了80%。在不同的蔬菜生长季节,这种做法保持或略微增加了产量,并减少了 N2O 排放和 NO3--N 浸出率分别为 81% 至 90% 和 92% 至 95%。最佳管理实践将农场常规做法下的有机肥(1600 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)和尿素(1670 kg N ha-1 四个季节-1)的比率降低了80%。在不同的蔬菜生长季节,这种做法保持或略微增加了产量,并减少了 N2O 排放和 NO3--N 浸出率分别为 81% 至 90% 和 92% 至 95%。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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