Abstract The limited water resources have forced the use of unconventional water such as urban wastewater in agriculture. However, using these water resources requires the consideration of their impact on water, soil, human and environment. Inthis study,the suitability of using urban treated wastewater as irrigation water has been investigated using geographic information system (GIS) and multi criteria decision making (MCDM).To do this, the decision-making criteria were extracted after a literature review. Irrigation water availability, techno-economic distance from the wastewater treatment plant, and suitability of farmlands for crop cultivation were considered as techno-economic sub-criteria while the quality of irrigation water, soil, and crop as well as aquifer vulnerability were considered as environmental sub-criteria in the decision structure. The data of two wastewater treatment plants, i.e., Bandar Gaz and Kordkoy located in west of Golestan province(Iran) were used to implement the model for 10 common crops. Topography, land use, soil depth, and technical allowable distance were considered as limiting factors in urban wastewater use in the area. After the preparation of the base maps,appropriate areas were determined for model implementation. The maps associated with the criteria were prepared in the GIS software environment and then classified according to the available standards. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the weight of the criteria. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed the high sensitivity of aquifer vulnerability and microbial contamination. The comparison of the suitability of cultivation using the treated wastewater revealed the better performance of Bandar Gaz plant in some effective criteria such as aquifer vulnerability, nitrate contamination burden, and suitability for crop cultivation.

中文翻译：

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使用多标准决策 (MCDM) 和地理信息系统 (GIS) 的城市处理废水在农业中的使用模型

摘要 有限的水资源迫使农业使用城市污水等非常规水。然而，利用这些水资源需要考虑它们对水、土壤、人类和环境的影响。本研究利用地理信息系统（GIS）和多准则决策（MCDM）对城市污水作为灌溉用水的适宜性进行了研究。为此，在查阅文献后提取了决策准则。灌溉用水的可用性、与污水处理厂的技术经济距离以及农田作物种植的适宜性被视为技术经济子标准，而灌溉水的质量、土壤、作物和含水层脆弱性被视为决策结构中的环境次级标准。使用位于 Golestan 省（伊朗）西部的 Bandar Gaz 和 Kordkoy 两个污水处理厂的数据对 10 种常见作物实施模型。地形、土地利用、土壤深度和技术允许距离被认为是该地区城市污水利用的限制因素。在准备好底图后，确定适合模型实施的区域。与标准相关的地图是在 GIS 软件环境中准备的，然后根据可用标准进行分类。使用层次分析法（AHP）计算标准的权重。敏感性分析结果表明含水层脆弱性和微生物污染的敏感性很高。使用处理过的废水进行种植适宜性的比较表明，Bandar Gaz 植物在含水层脆弱性、硝酸盐污染负担和作物种植适宜性等一些有效标准方面具有更好的性能。