Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system as a result of reactivation of the John Cunningham (JC) polyomavirus and occurs almost exclusively in immunosuppressed individuals. The disease course of PML is variable but usually progressive and often fatal. Treatment is predominantly focused on immune restoration, although this is difficult to do outside of human immunodeficiency virus–associated PML. A recent case series demonstrated a potential role for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, to contain and/or clear JC virus. Herein, we discuss the first reported Australian case of a 61-year-old female with PML secondary to chemoimmunotherapy demonstrating complete clearance of JC virus as well as clinical and radiological stabilisation following pembrolizumab treatment.

进行性多灶性白质脑病 (PML) 是一种影响中枢神经系统的脱髓鞘疾病，由约翰·坎宁安 (JC) 多瘤病毒重新激活引起，几乎只发生在免疫抑制个体中。PML 的病程是可变的，但通常是进行性的并且通常是致命的。治疗主要集中在免疫恢复上，尽管在人类免疫缺陷病毒相关的 PML 之外很难做到这一点。最近的一个病例系列证明了程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1 (PD-1) 抑制剂（如 pembrolizumab）在遏制和/或清除 JC 病毒方面的潜在作用。在此处，