Motor adaptation is the ability to develop new motor skills that makes performing a consolidated motor task under different psychophysical conditions possible. There exists a proven relationship between prior brain activity at rest and motor adaptation. However, the brain activity at rest is highly variable both between and within subjects. Here we hypothesize that the cortical activity during the original task to be later adapted is a more reliable and stronger determinant of motor adaptation. Consequently, we present a study to find cortical areas whose activity, both at rest and during first-person virtual reality simulation of bicycle riding, characterizes the subjects who did and did not adapt to ride a reverse steering bicycle, a complex motor adaptation task involving all limbs and balance. The results showed that cortical activity differences during the simulated task were higher, more significant, spatially larger, and spectrally wider than at rest for good performers. In this sense, the activity of the left anterior insula, left dorsolateral and ventrolateral inferior prefrontal areas, and left inferior premotor cortex (action understanding hub of the mirror neuron circuit) during simulated bicycle riding are the areas with the most descriptive power for the ability of adapting the motor task.

Trials registration Trial was registered with the NIH Clinical Trials Registry (clinicaltrials.gov), with the registration number NCT02999516 (21/12/2016).

运动适应是发展新运动技能的能力，使得在不同心理物理条件下执行综合运动任务成为可能。先前的休息时大脑活动与运动适应之间存在已被证实的关系。然而，休息时的大脑活动在受试者之间和受试者内部都有很大差异。在这里，我们假设在随后适应的原始任务期间的皮质活动是运动适应的更可靠和更强的决定因素。因此，我们提出了一项研究，以寻找皮质区域的活动，无论是在休息时还是在骑自行车的第一人称虚拟现实模拟期间，都表征了适应和不适应骑反向转向自行车的受试者，这是一项复杂的运动适应任务，涉及所有四肢和平衡。结果表明，与休息时相比，表现良好的人在模拟任务期间的皮质活动差异更高、更显着、空间更大、范围更广。从这个意义上说，模拟自行车骑行过程中左前岛叶、左背外侧和腹外侧下前额叶区域以及左下运动皮层（镜像神经元回路的动作理解中枢）的活动是对能力最具描述性的区域。适应运动任务。

试验注册 试验已在 NIH 临床试验注册处 (clinicaltrials.gov) 注册，注册号为 NCT02999516（2016 年 12 月 21 日）。