Oil palm frond (OPF) is a biomass residue from oil palm plantations that has received increasing interest for its promise as roughage resources to overcome limitations of ruminant feeding. However, the use of OPF as a feedstuff for optimal livestock productivity is limited by its high lignocellulosic content and low nutritional value. Chemical composition revealed that OPF was composed of 70% fibre and 22% soluble carbohydrates on a dry matter (DM) basis. Various physical, chemical, biological and physico-chemical treatments have been used to improve the digestibility of nutrients and the nutritional value of OPF. This review was conducted to study the treatment methods of OPF as a value-added feedstuff, and, to emphasize on the effects of treated OPF on in vitro ruminal fermentation and in vivo ruminant digestibility coefficients and growth performance. Biological treatment produced favourable outcomes in improving the nutritional value of OPF, and was more cost-effective, safe and environmentally friendly as compared to chemical and physical treatments. In vitro rumen fermentation studies on the digestibility and potential use of treated OPF as quality feedstuffs for ruminants have been widely reported. Several in vivo studies have found that small ruminants performed satisfactorily when fed diets with treated or pre-digested OPF at appropriate ratios. Nevertheless, chemically treated OPF has been found to be successfully used in both beef and dairy cattle feeding trials as it is a good source of protein and energy that can increase digestibility coefficients and have positive impacts on ruminal fermentation profiles and animal production.

中文翻译：

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处理过的油棕叶及其作为反刍动物改良饲料的利用——概述。


油棕叶 (OPF) 是油棕种植园的生物质残留物，因其作为粗饲料资源来克服反刍动物饲养的局限性而受到越来越多的关注。然而，使用 OPF 作为饲料来实现最佳牲畜生产力受到其高木质纤维素含量和低营养价值的限制。化学成分显示，按干物质 (DM) 计算，OPF 由 70% 的纤维和 22% 的可溶性碳水化合物组成。采用各种物理、化学、生物和理化处理来提高营养物质的消化率和 OPF 的营养价值。本综述旨在研究O​​PF作为高附加值饲料的处理方法，并重点研究处理后的OPF对反刍动物体外发酵、体内反刍动物消化系数和生长性能的影响。生物处理在提高OPF的营养价值方面取得了良好的效果，并且与化学和物理处理相比更具成本效益、安全和环保。关于处理过的 OPF 作为反刍动物优质饲料的消化率和潜在用途的体外瘤胃发酵研究已被广泛报道。几项体内研究发现，小型反刍动物在饲喂含有适当比例的经过处理或预消化的 OPF 的饲料时表现令人满意。尽管如此，经过化学处理的 OPF 已成功用于肉牛和奶牛饲养试验，因为它是蛋白质和能量的良好来源，可以提高消化系数并对瘤胃发酵特性和动物生产产生积极影响。