The development of refractory tumor cells limits therapeutic efficacy in cancer by activating mechanisms that promote cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and survival. Benzimidazole anthelmintics have broad-spectrum action to remove parasites both in human and veterinary medicine. In addition to being antiparasitic agents, benzimidazole anthelmintics are known to exert anticancer activities, such as the disruption of microtubule polymerization, the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle (G2/M) arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and blockage of glucose transport. These antitumorigenic effects even extend to cancer cells resistant to approved therapies and when in combination with conventional therapeutics, enhance anticancer efficacy and hold promise as adjuvants. Above all, these anthelmintics may offer a broad, safe spectrum to treat cancer, as demonstrated by their long history of use as antiparasitic agents. The present review summarizes central literature regarding the anticancer effects of benzimidazole anthelmintics, including albendazole, parbendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, oxibendazole, oxfendazole, ricobendazole, and flubendazole in cancer cell lines, animal tumor models, and clinical trials. This review provides valuable information on how to improve the quality of life in patients with cancers by increasing the treatment options and decreasing side effects from conventional therapy.

中文翻译：

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苯并咪唑驱虫药作为再利用药物的抗肿瘤潜力

难治性肿瘤细胞的发展通过激活促进细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、转移和存活的机制来限制癌症的治疗效果。苯并咪唑驱虫药在人和兽药中具有广谱驱虫作用。除了作为抗寄生虫药之外，已知苯并咪唑驱虫剂具有抗癌活性，例如破坏微管聚合、诱导细胞凋亡、细胞周期 (G2/M) 停滞、抗血管生成和阻断葡萄糖转运。这些抗肿瘤作用甚至扩展到对批准的疗法有抗性的癌细胞，并且当与常规疗法结合时，可以增强抗癌功​​效并有望作为佐剂。最重要的是，这些驱虫药可以提供广泛的、治疗癌症的安全范围，正如它们作为抗寄生虫药的悠久历史所证明的那样。本综述总结了有关苯并咪唑驱虫药的中心文献，包括阿苯达唑、帕苯达唑、芬苯达唑、甲苯咪唑、奥苯达唑、奥芬达唑、利苯达唑和氟苯达唑在癌细胞系、动物肿瘤模型和临床试验中的抗癌作用。本综述提供了有关如何通过增加治疗选择和减少常规治疗副作用来改善癌症患者生活质量的宝贵信息。奥苯达唑、奥芬达唑、利苯达唑和氟苯达唑在癌细胞系、动物肿瘤模型和临床试验中的应用。本综述提供了有关如何通过增加治疗选择和减少常规治疗副作用来改善癌症患者生活质量的宝贵信息。奥苯达唑、奥芬达唑、利苯达唑和氟苯达唑在癌细胞系、动物肿瘤模型和临床试验中的应用。本综述提供了有关如何通过增加治疗选择和减少常规治疗副作用来改善癌症患者生活质量的宝贵信息。