In the majority of modern radio telescopes, which are used for radio interferometry with very long baselines, a special signal is introduced into the signal chain for the phase calibration of the equipment. This signal is used during the correlation processing of the radio-astronomy observations for obtaining a synthesized response when it is required to match the signals of several frequency channels by phase and delay and to ensure control over the working capacity of the equipment and the phase stability of the signal chain during the preparation and implementation of observations. Isolation of the phase-calibration signal in the recorded data requires considerable computation resources. In this case, the computation volume increases with increasing recorded frequency domain, which can amount to several gigahertz for modern radio telescopes, such as RT-13 of the “Quasar” VLBI network. In this work, the well-known methods for measuring the parameters of the phase-calibration signal are considered, their precision is estimated, the computation efficiencies are compared, and the disadvantages of the available measuring algorithms are shown. An improved method allowing one to significantly save the computation cost without the measuring-accuracy loss is proposed, which softens hardware requirements and speeds up computations.

中文翻译：

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VLBI射电望远镜相位校准信号的测量方法

在大多数用于具有很长基线的射电干涉测量的现代射电望远镜中，将特殊信号引入信号链中以进行设备的相位校准。该信号用于射电天文观测的相关处理中，当需要对多个频道的信号进行相位和延迟匹配时，获得合成响应，以保证对设备工作能力和相位稳定性的控制。准备和实施观测期间的信号链。记录数据中相位校准信号的隔离需要大量的计算资源。在这种情况下，计算量随着记录频域的增加而增加，对于现代射电望远镜来说，这可能达到几千兆赫，例如“类星体”VLBI 网络的 RT-13。在这项工作中，考虑了用于测量相位校准信号参数的众所周知的方法，估计了它们的精度，比较了计算效率，并显示了可用测量算法的缺点。提出了一种改进的方法，可以在不损失测量精度的情况下显着节省计算成本，从而软化硬件要求并加快计算速度。