Giant-sized cells, such as the internodes of characean algae, demonstrate rapid (up to 100 μm/s) rotational cytoplasmic streaming that participates in long-distance intracellular interactions and coordinates the functional activity of organelles under a nonuniform light environment. The specific functions of intense cytoplasmic streaming remain poorly investigated. The lateral transport of photometabolites can be detected by combining pinhole illumination with measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and external pH on microscopic cell regions located downstream of the locally illuminated area. The involvement of cyclosis in regulation of photosynthesis and plasmalemmal H+ transport was revealed by this means. In regions exposed to bright local light, the chloroplasts export reducing equivalents and triose phosphates into the streaming cytoplasm that spread over the cell and induce a transient rise of chlorophyll fluorescence in shaded cell areas located far from the site of photostimulus application. This review highlights the properties of cyclosis-mediated fluorescence changes, including the photoinduction of long-distance transmission, sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors, its nonuniform spatial distribution in illuminated cells, and gradual (1–5 min) inactivation of long-range signaling after transferring the cell to darkness. A stimulatory influence of the action potential on long-distance signal transmission is shown. The new method is suitable for studying the intercellular transport of metabolites and the permeability of plasmodesmata.

中文翻译：

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作为细胞内传送器的细胞质流：对 Chara 细胞中光合作用和 H+ 通量的影响

巨型细胞，例如characean 藻类的节间，表现出快速（高达100 μm/s）的旋转细胞质流，参与长距离细胞内相互作用并在非均匀光环境下协调细胞器的功能活动。强烈的细胞质流的特定功能仍然缺乏研究。光代谢物的横向传输可以通过结合针孔照明与叶绿素荧光和位于局部照明区域下游的微观细胞区域的外部 pH 值的测量来检测。通过这种方式揭示了环化在光合作用和质膜 H+ 转运的调节中的参与。在暴露于当地明亮光线的地区，叶绿体将还原当量和磷酸丙糖输出到流过细胞的细胞质中，并在远离光刺激应用部位的阴影细胞区域中诱导叶绿素荧光的瞬时升高。这篇综述强调了环化介导的荧光变化的特性，包括长距离传输的光诱导、对代谢抑制剂的敏感性、其在光照细胞中的不均匀空间分布，以及转移后长距离信号的逐渐（1-5 分钟）失活。细胞黑暗。显示了动作电位对长距离信号传输的刺激影响。该新方法适用于研究代谢物的细胞间转运和胞间连丝的渗透性。