Natural creatures use their surface structures to control directional liquid dynamics for survival. Learning from nature, artificial superwetting materials have triggered technological revolutions in many disciplines. To improve controllability, researchers have attempted to use external fields, such as thermal, light, magnetic, and electric fields, to assist or achieve controllable liquid dynamics. Emerging directional liquid transport applications have prosperously advanced in recent years but still present some challenges. This review discusses and summarizes the field of directional liquid dynamics on natural creatures and artificial surfaces with superwettabilities and ventures to propose several potential strategies to construct directional liquid transport systems for fog collection, 3D printing, energy devices, separation, soft machine, and sensor devices, which are useful for driving liquid transport or motility.

自然生物利用其表面结构来控制定向液体动力学以求生存。借鉴自然，人工超润湿材料引发了许多学科的技术革命。为了提高可控性，研究人员尝试利用热场、光场、磁场和电场等外部场来辅助或实现可控液体动力学。新兴的定向液体输送应用近年来蓬勃发展，但仍然面临一些挑战。本文讨论并总结了具有超润湿性的自然生物和人造表面的定向液体动力学领域，并提出了几种潜在的策略来构建用于雾收集、3D 打印、能源设备、分离、软机械和传感器设备的定向液体传输系统，这对于驱动液体传输或运动很有用。