In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), household survey data are a main source of information for planning, evaluation, and decision-making. Standard surveys are based on censuses, however, for many LMICs it has been more than 10 years since their last census and they face high urban growth rates. Over the last decade, survey designers have begun to use modelled gridded population estimates as sample frames. We summarize the state of the emerging field of gridded population survey sampling, focussing on LMICs. We performed a systematic scoping review in Scopus of specific gridded population datasets and "population" or "household" "survey" reports, and solicited additional published and unpublished sources from colleagues. We identified 43 national and sub-national gridded population-based household surveys implemented across 29 LMICs. Gridded population surveys used automated and manual approaches to derive clusters from WorldPop and LandScan gridded population estimates. After sampling, some survey teams interviewed all households in each cluster or segment, and others sampled households from larger clusters. Tools to select gridded population survey clusters include the GridSample R package, Geo-sampling tool, and GridSample.org. In the field, gridded population surveys generally relied on geographically accurate maps based on satellite imagery or OpenStreetMap, and a tablet or GPS technology for navigation. For gridded population survey sampling to be adopted more widely, several strategic questions need answering regarding cell-level accuracy and uncertainty of gridded population estimates, the methods used to group/split cells into sample frame units, design effects of new sample designs, and feasibility of tools and methods to implement surveys across diverse settings.

中文翻译：

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网格人口调查抽样：对领域和战略研究议程的系统范围审查。


在低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC），家庭调查数据是规划、评估和决策的主要信息来源。标准调查以人口普查为基础，然而，对于许多中低收入国家来说，距离上次人口普查已经过去了 10 多年，而且它们面临着较高的城市增长率。在过去的十年中，调查设计者已经开始使用建模网格人口估计作为样本框架。我们总结了网格化人口调查抽样这一新兴领域的现状，重点关注中低收入国家。我们在 Scopus 中对特定网格人口数据集和“人口”或“家庭”“调查”报告进行了系统的范围审查，并向同事征求了其他已发表和未发表的资料。我们确定了在 29 个中低收入国家开展的 43 项国家和地方网格化人口家庭调查。网格人口调查使用自动和手动方法从 WorldPop 和 LandScan 网格人口估计中得出聚类。抽样后，一些调查小组采访了每个集群或区域中的所有家庭，而其他调查小组则从较大的集群中抽样了家庭。选择网格人口调查聚类的工具包括 GridSample R 包、地理采样工具和 GridSample.org。在实地，网格人口调查通常依赖于基于卫星图像或 OpenStreetMap 的地理精确地图，以及用于导航的平板电脑或 GPS 技术。 为了更广泛地采用网格人口调查抽样，需要回答几个战略问题，包括网格人口估计的细胞水平准确性和不确定性、用于将细胞分组/分割为样本框架单元的方法、新样本设计的设计效果以及可行性在不同环境中实施调查的工具和方法。