Differential settlement of footings of reinforced-concrete buildings is expected to have a considerable effect on design forces in various structural components depending on the characteristics of the soil. The differential settlement combined with the soil–structure interaction (SSI) effect during earthquakes may be a significant factor in deciding the structural response especially for structures that have already undergone differential settlement. This is generally ignored in conventional design practice. A four-storeyed building structure is considered for the study. A typical layered soil profile similar to the profile observed in the Ganges basin, India has been considered for investigation. The SSI effect under dynamic conditions has been considered by adopting Gazetas springs at the support of buildings. Twelve earthquake time histories have been considered for bedrock motion. Convoluted bedrock motions considering the soil profile have been adopted as the input motion for the structure. Effects of various earthquake parameters on the seismic response of buildings, considering the differential settlement and the SSI effect under dynamic conditions, have been investigated and presented in dimensionless terms. The results indicate that the differential settlements along with the SSI consideration may be critical in deciding the structural response. This may even render the structure unsafe during earthquakes.

中文翻译：

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差异沉降对建筑结构地震响应的影响

取决于土壤的特性，预计钢筋混凝土建筑物立足点的不同沉降将对各种结构部件的设计力产生相当大的影响。地震期间的差异沉降加上土-结构相互作用（SSI）效应可能是决定结构响应的重要因素，特别是对于已经经历了差异沉降的结构。这在常规设计实践中通常被忽略。本研究考虑使用四层建筑结构。已考虑对类似于印度恒河盆地的典型分层土壤剖面进行调查。通过在建筑物的支撑处采用Gazetas弹簧来考虑动态条件下的SSI效应。已经考虑了十二个地震时间历史的基岩运动。考虑到土壤剖面的回旋基岩运动已被用作结构的输入运动。考虑了动态条件下的差异沉降和SSI效应，研究了各种地震参数对建筑物地震响应的影响，并以无量纲的方式进行了介绍。结果表明，差异沉降以及SSI的考虑可能对决定结构响应至关重要。这甚至可能使结构在地震中不安全。考虑到动态条件下的差异沉降和SSI效应，已经进行了无量纲的研究和提出。结果表明，差异沉降以及SSI的考虑可能对决定结构响应至关重要。这甚至可能使结构在地震中不安全。考虑到动态条件下的差异沉降和SSI效应，已经进行了无量纲的研究和提出。结果表明，差异沉降以及SSI的考虑可能对决定结构响应至关重要。这甚至可能使结构在地震中不安全。