Silicon (Si) is the most promising anode candidate for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries but difficult to cycle due to its poor electronic conductivity and large volume change during cycling. Nanostructured Si-based materials allow high loading and cycling stability but remain a challenge for process and engineering. We prepare a Si nanowires-grown-on-graphite one-pot composite (Gt–SiNW) via a simple and scalable route. The uniform distribution of SiNW and the graphite flakes alignment prevent electrode pulverization and accommodate volume expansion during cycling, resulting in very low electrode swelling. Our designed nanoarchitecture delivers outstanding electrochemical performance with a capacity retention of 87% after 250 cycles at 2C rate with an industrial electrode density of 1.6 g cm^–3. Full cells with NMC-622 cathode display a capacity retention of 70% over 300 cycles. This work provides insights into the fruitful engineering of active composites at the nano- and microscales to design efficient Si-rich anodes.

中文翻译：

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用于高能锂电池的可伸缩硅纳米线-石墨长成复合材料。

硅（Si）是下一代锂离子电池最有希望的阳极候选材料，但由于其电子电导率差且在循环过程中体积变化大，因此难以循环。纳米结构的硅基材料具有很高的负载和循环稳定性，但仍然是工艺和工程上的挑战。我们通过一种简单且可扩展的方法来制备Si纳米线在石墨上生长的一锅复合材料（Gt–SiNW）。SiNW的均匀分布和石墨薄片的排列防止了电极粉化，并在循环过程中适应了体积膨胀，从而导致极低的电极溶胀。我们设计的纳米体系结构具有出色的电化学性能，在2C速率下250次循环后容量保持率达87％，工业电极密度为1.6 g cm^–3。具有NMC-622阴极的全电池在300个循环中显示出70％的容量保持率。这项工作提供了对纳米和微米尺度的活性复合材料进行卓有成效的工程设计以设计有效的富硅阳极的见解。